Güntekin Bahar, Basar Erol
Istanbul Kültür University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul, Turkey; TUBITAK BAYG, Ankara, Turkey.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Apr;64(1):91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.07.003. Epub 2006 Dec 5.
The differentiation of "facial expressions" is a process of higher mental activity, which has considerable applications in "psychology of moods and emotions". We applied the approach of event-related oscillations (EROs) to investigate the modulation of electrical manifestations related to emotional expression in EEG recordings of 20 healthy subjects. EROs of "neutral, angry and happy" faces in 13 electrical recordings sites (F(3), F(4), C(z), C(3), C(4), T(3), T(4), T(5), T(6), P(3), P(4), O(1), O(2)) were analyzed. Following the recording session, the subjects were asked to express the degree of their emotional involvement (valence and arousal) using the Self-Assessment Manikin ratings. Amplitude frequency characteristics (AFCs) were used to determine the frequencies of interest and the ranges for digital pass-band filtering applied accordingly. Consecutively, peak to peak amplitude measures of oscillatory responses were computed for the selected frequency bands and for the differentiation of the different stimuli. A differentiation between angry and happy facial expressions was observed especially in the alpha (9-13 Hz) and beta (15-24 Hz) frequencies, however, only when selecting stimuli with high mood involvement. Therefore, these frequency bands are the main focus of this report. The amplitudes of the alpha responses upon angry face stimulation were significantly higher than upon presentation of the happy faces at posterior locations. At F(3), C(z) and C(3), beta responses upon angry face stimulation were significantly higher in amplitude compared with the happy face stimulation. It is discussed that the frontal theta response is highly increased in comparison to all theta responses also encountered in studies of face recognition: During observation of facial expression, the occipital theta is much higher. We conclude and emphasize that the analysis of brain oscillatory responses distributed over the scalp in combination with subjective ratings of emotional impact of stimuli provide a good basis for analysing the influence of emotional information processing in the brain. In congruence with others, the results support the phylogenetical viewpoint suggesting that angry face stimulations are faster and more ample in responding. Furthermore, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes seem to be involved in processing of facial expressions, as reflected in an ensemble of different frequency brain oscillatory responses distributed over the scalp.
“面部表情”的分化是一种高级心理活动过程,在“情绪与情感心理学”中有相当广泛的应用。我们采用事件相关振荡(ERO)方法,对20名健康受试者脑电图记录中与情绪表达相关的电活动表现的调节进行了研究。分析了13个电记录部位(F(3)、F(4)、C(z)、C(3)、C(4)、T(3)、T(4)、T(5)、T(6)、P(3)、P(4)、O(1)、O(2))对“中性、愤怒和高兴”面孔的ERO。记录结束后,要求受试者使用自我评估人体模型评分来表达他们的情绪参与程度(效价和唤醒度)。使用振幅频率特征(AFC)来确定感兴趣的频率以及相应应用的数字通带滤波范围。随后,针对选定的频段以及不同刺激的区分,计算振荡反应的峰峰值振幅测量值。尤其在α(9 - 13Hz)和β(15 - 24Hz)频率下观察到了愤怒和高兴面部表情之间的差异,然而,只有在选择具有高情绪参与度的刺激时才会出现这种差异。因此,这些频段是本报告的主要关注点。在后部位置,愤怒面孔刺激时的α反应振幅显著高于高兴面孔呈现时的α反应振幅。在F(3)、C(z)和C(3)处,愤怒面孔刺激时的β反应振幅相比高兴面孔刺激时显著更高。有讨论指出,与面部识别研究中遇到的所有θ反应相比,额叶θ反应大幅增加:在观察面部表情期间,枕叶θ反应要高得多。我们得出结论并强调,结合刺激的情绪影响主观评分,分析头皮上分布的脑振荡反应,为分析大脑中情绪信息处理的影响提供了良好基础。与其他人的研究结果一致,这些结果支持系统发育观点,即愤怒面孔刺激的反应更快且更强烈。此外,额叶、颞叶、顶叶和枕叶似乎都参与了面部表情的处理,这反映在头皮上分布的不同频率脑振荡反应的集合中。