Cost-effectiveness of hospital vaccination programs in North Carolina.

Although influenza and pneumonia are largely vaccine-preventable, vaccination coverage rates are well below Healthy People 2010 goals. The aim of this study was to examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of three provider-based vaccination interventions in the hospital setting: standing orders programs (SOPs), physician reminders (PRs), and pre-printed orders (PPOs). Data on program operating costs and the numbers of patients who received influenza or pneumococcal vaccinations were collected from nine North Carolina hospitals. Results demonstrated that the additional cost per patient vaccinated in 2004 was US dollars 58 for SOPs, US dollars 90 for PRs, and US dollars 412 for PPOs. These findings suggest that SOPs are a cost-effective approach for increasing adult vaccination coverage rates in hospital settings.