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北极开阔水域上方“水空”的极化:如何从远处肉眼检测冰盖中的冰间湖。

Polarization of 'water-skies' above arctic open waters: how polynyas in the ice-cover can be visually detected from a distance.

作者信息

Hegedüs Ramón, Akesson Susanne, Horváth Gábor

机构信息

Department of Biological Physics, Physical Institute, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.

出版信息

J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2007 Jan;24(1):132-8. doi: 10.1364/josaa.24.000132.

Abstract

The foggy sky above a white ice-cover and a dark water surface (permanent polynya or temporary lead) is white and dark gray, phenomena called the 'ice-sky' and the 'water-sky,' respectively. Captains of icebreaker ships used to search for not-directly-visible open waters remotely on the basis of the water sky. Animals depending on open waters in the Arctic region may also detect not-directly-visible waters from a distance by means of the water sky. Since the polarization of ice-skies and water-skies has not, to our knowledge, been studied before, we measured the polarization patterns of water-skies above polynyas in the arctic ice-cover during the Beringia 2005 Swedish polar research expedition to the North Pole region. We show that there are statistically significant differences in the angle of polarization between the water-sky and the ice-sky. This polarization phenomenon could help biological and man-made sensors to detect open waters not directly visible from a distance. However, the threshold of polarization-based detection would be rather low, because the degree of linear polarization of light radiated by water-skies and ice-skies is not higher than 10%.

摘要

白色冰盖和深色水面(永久性冰间湖或临时性裂缝)上方雾气弥漫的天空分别呈现出白色和深灰色,这两种现象分别被称为“冰空”和“水空”。破冰船船长过去常常根据水空在远处搜寻并非直接可见的开阔水域。北极地区依赖开阔水域的动物也可能借助水空从远处探测到并非直接可见的水域。据我们所知,此前尚未有人研究过冰空和水空的偏振情况,因此在2005年瑞典北极地区白令海极地科考队前往北极地区的考察期间,我们测量了北极冰盖中冰间湖上方水空的偏振模式。我们发现,水空和冰空的偏振角在统计学上存在显著差异。这种偏振现象有助于生物和人造传感器探测远处并非直接可见的开阔水域。然而,基于偏振的探测阈值会相当低,因为水空和冰空所辐射光的线偏振度不高于10%。

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