Brébion Gildas, David Anthony S, Bressan Rodrigo A, Pilowsky Lyn S
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 Jan;13(1):99-107. doi: 10.1017/S1355617707070014.
The role of various types of slowing of processing speed, as well as the role of depressed mood, on each stage of verbal memory functioning in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was investigated. Mixed lists of high- and low-frequency words were presented, and immediate and delayed free recall and recognition were required. Two levels of encoding were studied by contrasting the relatively automatic encoding of the high-frequency words and the more effortful encoding of the low-frequency words. Storage was studied by contrasting immediate and delayed recall. Retrieval was studied by contrasting free recall and recognition. Three tests of motor and cognitive processing speed were administered as well. Regression analyses involving the three processing speed measures revealed that cognitive speed was the only predictor of the recall and recognition of the low-frequency words. Furthermore, slowing in cognitive speed accounted for the deficit in recall and recognition of the low-frequency words relative to a healthy control group. Depressed mood was significantly associated with recognition of the low-frequency words. Neither processing speed nor depressed mood was associated with storage efficiency. It is concluded that both cognitive speed slowing and depressed mood impact on effortful encoding processes.
研究了各种类型的加工速度减慢以及抑郁情绪在被诊断为精神分裂症患者言语记忆功能各阶段中的作用。呈现高频和低频词的混合列表，并要求进行即时和延迟自由回忆及识别。通过对比高频词相对自动的编码和低频词更费力的编码，研究了两种编码水平。通过对比即时和延迟回忆来研究存储。通过对比自由回忆和识别来研究提取。还进行了三项运动和认知加工速度测试。涉及三种加工速度测量的回归分析表明，认知速度是低频词回忆和识别的唯一预测因素。此外，相对于健康对照组，认知速度减慢导致了低频词回忆和识别的缺陷。抑郁情绪与低频词的识别显著相关。加工速度和抑郁情绪均与存储效率无关。得出的结论是，认知速度减慢和抑郁情绪都会影响费力的编码过程。
