Dwivedi S, Tripathi R D, Srivastava S, Mishra S, Shukla M K, Tiwari K K, Singh R, Rai U N
Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
Chemosphere. 2007 Feb;67(1):140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.012. Epub 2006 Dec 12.
The disposal of fly-ash (FA) from coal-fired power stations causes significant economic and environmental problems. Use of such contaminated sites for crop production and use of contaminated water for irrigation not only decreases crop productivity but also poses health hazards to humans due to accumulation of toxic metals in edible grains. In the present investigation, three rice cultivars viz., Saryu-52, Sabha-5204, and Pant-4 were grown in garden soil (GS, control) and various amendments (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of FA for a period of 90 days and effect on growth and productivity of plant was evaluated vis-a-vis metal accumulation in the plants. The toxicity of FA at higher concentration (50%) was reflected by the reduction in photosynthetic pigments, protein and growth parameters viz., plant height, root biomass, number of tillers, grain and straw weight. However, at lower concentrations (10-25%), FA enhanced growth of the plants as evident by the increase of studied growth parameters. The cysteine and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) content showed increase in their levels up to 100% FA as compared to control, however, maximum content was found at 25% FA in Saryu-52 and Pant-4 and at 50% FA in Sabha-5204. Accumulation of Fe, Si, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd and As was investigated in roots, leaves and seeds of the plants. Fe accumulation was maximum in all the parts of plant followed by Si and both showed more translocation to leaves while Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd showed lower accumulation and most of the metal was confined to roots in all the three cultivars. As was accumulated only in leaves and was not found to be in detectable levels in roots and seeds. The metal accumulation order in three rice cultivars was Fe > Si > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd > As in all the plant parts. The results showed that rice varieties Saryu-52 and Sabha-5204 were more tolerant and could show improved growth and yield in lower FA application doses as compared to Pant-4. Thus, Sabha-5204 and Saryu-52 are found suitable for cultivation in FA amended agricultural soils for better crop yields.
燃煤发电站产生的粉煤灰（FA）处理带来了重大的经济和环境问题。利用此类受污染场地进行作物生产以及使用受污染的水进行灌溉，不仅会降低作物产量，还会因可食用谷物中有毒金属的积累而对人类健康构成危害。在本研究中，三个水稻品种，即萨鲁52（Saryu - 52）、萨布哈5204（Sabha - 5204）和潘特4（Pant - 4），在花园土壤（GS，对照）以及不同比例（10%、25%、50%、75%和100%）的粉煤灰中种植90天，并评估其对植物生长和生产力的影响以及植物中金属的积累情况。较高浓度（50%）的粉煤灰毒性表现为光合色素、蛋白质以及生长参数（如株高、根生物量、分蘖数、谷粒和秸秆重量）的降低。然而，在较低浓度（10 - 25%）下，粉煤灰促进了植物生长，所研究的生长参数增加即证明了这一点。与对照相比，半胱氨酸和非蛋白硫醇（NP - SH）含量在高达100%粉煤灰处理时有所增加，不过，在萨鲁52和潘特4中，25%粉煤灰处理时含量最高，而在萨布哈5204中，50%粉煤灰处理时含量最高。研究了植物根、叶和种子中Fe、Si、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Cd和As的积累情况。植物各部分中Fe的积累量最大，其次是Si，二者向叶片的转运量都更大，而Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni和Cd的积累量较低，在所有三个品种中，大部分金属都局限于根部。As仅在叶片中积累，在根和种子中未检测到。在所有植物部分中，三个水稻品种的金属积累顺序为Fe > Si > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd > As。结果表明，与潘特4相比，水稻品种萨鲁52和萨布哈5204更具耐受性，在较低粉煤灰施用量下能表现出更好的生长和产量。因此，发现萨布哈5204和萨鲁52适合在添加粉煤灰改良的农业土壤中种植，以获得更好的作物产量。
