Feng Shixia, Plunkett Susan E, Lam Kai, Kapur Sunil, Muhammad Raheema, Jin Yan, Zimmermann Michael, Mendes Paul, Kinser Robin, Roethig Hans J
Philip Morris USA, Research Center, Richmond, Virginia 23234, USA.
Inhal Toxicol. 2007 Feb;19(2):169-79. doi: 10.1080/08958370601052022.
This report describes a new method for estimating the retention of selected mainstream smoke constituents in the respiratory tract of adult smokers during cigarette smoking. Both particulate-phase (PP) constituents including nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), and gas-vapor-phase (GVP) constituents including carbon monoxide (CO), isoprene (IP), acetaldehyde (AA), and ethylene, were studied. To estimate the amounts of smoke constituents delivered during smoking, we used predetermined linear relationships between the measured cigarette filter solanesol content and machine-generated mainstream deliveries of these selected compounds. To determine the amounts of smoke constituents exhaled, the expired breath was directed through a Cambridge filter pad (CFP) attached to an infrared spectrometer. PP compounds were trapped on the CFP for later analysis and GVP compounds were analyzed in near real time. The smokers' respiratory parameters during smoking, such as inhalation/exhalation volume and time, were monitored using LifeShirt(R), a respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) device. The retention of each smoke constituent, expressed as a percentage, was then calculated as the difference between the amount delivered (estimated) and the amount exhaled relative to the amount delivered. We studied 16 adult male smokers who smoked cigarettes according to 3 predefined smoking patterns: no inhalation (pattern A), normal inhalation (pattern B), and deep inhalation (pattern C). For the three PP constituents, the mean retentions for pattern A ranged between 10 and 20%; and while the mean retentions of the two TSNAs were significantly higher for pattern C (84% for NNK and 97% for NNN) than those for pattern B (63% for NNK and 84% for NNN), the mean retentions of nicotine were basically the same between patterns B and C, which were both greater than 98%. For the GVP constituents, the retentions were similar between pattern B and pattern C, although different constituents were retained to different degrees (average values of 33%, 52%, 79%, and 99% for ethylene, IP, CO, and AA, respectively). The differences in the retention between different constituents could be interpreted in terms of each constituent's physical properties such as volatility and solubility. In conclusion, the method described is suitable for studying the retention of selected mainstream smoke constituents in the respiratory tract of smokers.
本报告描述了一种估算成年吸烟者在吸烟过程中呼吸道对特定主流烟气成分滞留情况的新方法。研究了颗粒相（PP）成分，包括尼古丁、4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）和N'-亚硝基降烟碱（NNN）这两种烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA），以及气相-蒸汽相（GVP）成分，包括一氧化碳（CO）、异戊二烯（IP）、乙醛（AA）和乙烯。为估算吸烟过程中输送的烟气成分量，我们利用了测得的卷烟滤嘴茄尼醇含量与这些选定化合物的机器产生主流烟气输送量之间的预定线性关系。为确定呼出的烟气成分量，将呼出的气体引导通过连接到红外光谱仪的剑桥滤垫（CFP）。PP化合物被捕集在CFP上以供后续分析，GVP化合物进行近实时分析。使用LifeShirt®（一种呼吸感应体积描记法（RIP）设备）监测吸烟者在吸烟过程中的呼吸参数，如吸入/呼出量和时间。然后，以百分比表示的每种烟气成分的滞留率计算为输送量（估算值）与相对于输送量呼出量之间的差值。我们研究了16名成年男性吸烟者，他们按照3种预定义的吸烟模式吸烟：不吸入（模式A）、正常吸入（模式B）和深吸入（模式C）。对于这三种PP成分，模式A的平均滞留率在10%至20%之间；虽然两种TSNA在模式C下的平均滞留率（NNK为84%，NNN为97%）显著高于模式B（NNK为63%，NNN为84%），但模式B和模式C下尼古丁的平均滞留率基本相同，均大于98%。对于GVP成分，模式B和模式C之间的滞留率相似，尽管不同成分的滞留程度不同（乙烯、IP、CO和AA的平均值分别为33%、52%、79%和99%）。不同成分之间滞留率的差异可以根据每种成分的物理性质来解释，如挥发性和溶解性。总之，所描述的方法适用于研究吸烟者呼吸道中选定主流烟气成分的滞留情况。
