Ricci Judith A, Stewart Walter F, Chee Elsbeth, Leotta Carol, Foley Kathleen, Hochberg Marc C
Caremark, Hunt Valley, MD 21031, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Dec 15;31(26):3052-60. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000249521.61813.aa.
Cross-sectional with follow-up case-control component.
To measure the prevalence of back pain (BP) and back pain exacerbations, describe BP features and functional impairment, estimate BP-related lost productive time (LPT) and costs, and assess the relation between pain exacerbations and lost productive time.
BP is associated with substantial lost work time. However, little is known about the extent to which BP with or without exacerbation explains lost work time.
A national telephone survey of the U.S. workforce identified 320 workers 40 to 65 years of age with BP defined by NHANES I criteria and 91 matched non-BP controls. Participants self-reported pain characteristics, lost productive time (absenteeism and presenteeism) in the previous 2 weeks, activity limitations, and demographics. A population-weighting adjustment was applied to estimates to account for selection bias and ensure that estimates of certain sample demographic subgroups' totals conformed to the Current Population Survey.
The 2-week period prevalence of BP was 15.1%; 42% of workers with BP experienced pain exacerbations. BP prevalence was associated with demographic factors, but BP exacerbations were not. BP was reported by 42.6% of all workers. Workers with exacerbations reported more days with BP than those without exacerbations. Workers with exacerbations were significantly more likely than those without such exacerbations to report activity limitation (88.4% vs. 60.7%; P < 0.0001) and BP-related LPT (22.1% vs. 13.0%; P = 0.0259). BP in workers 40 to 65 years of age costs employers an estimated $7.4 billion/year. Workers with BP exacerbations account for 71.6% of this cost.
Workers with BP exacerbations account for a disproportionate share of the cost of BP-related lost productive time.
带有随访病例对照成分的横断面研究。
测量背痛（BP）及背痛加重的患病率，描述背痛特征和功能障碍，估计与背痛相关的生产时间损失（LPT）及成本，并评估疼痛加重与生产时间损失之间的关系。
背痛与大量工作时间损失相关。然而，对于有或无加重情况的背痛在多大程度上解释了工作时间损失，人们了解甚少。
一项针对美国劳动力的全国性电话调查，确定了320名年龄在40至65岁、符合国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES I）标准定义的背痛工人以及91名匹配的无背痛对照者。参与者自行报告疼痛特征、过去两周的生产时间损失（旷工和出勤但工作效率低下）、活动受限情况及人口统计学信息。对估计值应用了人口加权调整，以考虑选择偏倚，并确保某些样本人口统计学亚组总数的估计符合当前人口调查结果。
背痛的两周患病率为15.1%；42%的背痛工人经历过疼痛加重。背痛患病率与人口统计学因素相关，但背痛加重情况则不然。所有工人中有42.6%报告有背痛。有疼痛加重的工人报告背痛天数多于无加重的工人。与无疼痛加重的工人相比，有疼痛加重的工人更有可能报告活动受限（88.4%对60.7%；P < 0.0001）以及与背痛相关的生产时间损失（22.1%对13.0%；P = 0.0259）。40至65岁工人的背痛每年使雇主估计损失74亿美元。有背痛加重的工人占该成本的71.6%。
有背痛加重情况的工人在与背痛相关的生产时间损失成本中所占比例过高。
