Feliciangeli M Dora, Delgado Olinda, Suarez Benny, Bravo Arturo
Universidad de Carabobo, Núcleo Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela.
Trop Med Int Health. 2006 Dec;11(12):1785-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01747.x.
To relate entomological, epidemiological and geographical data to understand the transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in a closed focus in western Venezuela.
Spatial and temporal patterns of Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis, the most prevalent phlebotomine sand fly species (99.7%), were studied in El Brasilar, Curarigua, Lara State, Venezuela, a small rural community of 20 dwellings and 118 inhabitants. The sand fly population was monitored using Centers for Disease Control light traps monthly throughout 1 year in the domestic and sylvatic habitats and for 3 months in all inhabited houses.
Temporal variation followed the yearly bimodal pattern of precipitation with the highest population densities in April and December. Infection with flagellates suggestive of Leishmania spp. was detected in 0.01% of 10,026 dissected females of L. pseudolongipalpis, which proved to be highly endophilic. Prevalence of Leishmania infection in people, as measured by the leishmanin skin test, was correlated with distance of the houses from the woodland and with sand fly abundance. A logistic regression model showed that for people who live in the village, the proximity to the woodland (linear) should be considered a risk factor for Leishmania infection (binary) (z = -2.02, P = 0.04, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). This was consistent with the association between the proportion of VL infection and the log of sand fly abundance, which was negatively correlated with distance from the woodland.
We discuss strategies that might be useful in controlling VL transmission in this endemic focus.
关联昆虫学、流行病学和地理数据，以了解委内瑞拉西部一个封闭疫源地内脏利什曼病（VL）的传播动态。
在委内瑞拉拉腊州库拉里瓜的埃尔布拉西拉尔（一个有20户住宅和118名居民的小乡村社区），研究了最常见的白蛉种类——假长须罗蛉（占99.7%）的时空分布模式。使用美国疾病控制中心的诱虫灯，每月对家庭和森林生境中的白蛉种群进行监测，为期1年，并在所有有人居住的房屋中监测3个月。
时间变化遵循年降水双峰模式，4月和12月种群密度最高。在解剖的10026只假长须罗蛉雌虫中，0.01%检测到有疑似利什曼原虫属的鞭毛虫感染，该白蛉被证明具有高度嗜内性。通过利什曼原虫皮肤试验测量的人群利什曼原虫感染率，与房屋距林地的距离以及白蛉数量相关。逻辑回归模型显示，对于居住在村庄的人来说，靠近林地（线性）应被视为利什曼原虫感染（二元）的一个风险因素（z = -2.02，P = 0.04，OR = 0.98，95% CI = 0.97 - 0.99）。这与VL感染比例和白蛉数量对数之间的关联一致，后者与距林地的距离呈负相关。
我们讨论了可能有助于控制该地方性疫源地VL传播的策略。
