Uenishi Gentaro, Fujita Shiho, Ohashi Gaku, Kato Akino, Yamauchi Shino, Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Ushida Kazunari
Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
Am J Primatol. 2007 Apr;69(4):367-76. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20351.
Little information is available regarding the intestinal bacteria of chimpanzees in the wild, due to the technical difficulties of studying intestinal bacteria in the field. In this study, molecular-based bacterial analyses were performed to overcome this difficulty because polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, such as temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene can be applied to ethanol-fixed fecal samples. The common presence of bacteria belonging to the Clostridium rRNA sub-group XIVa, such as Ruminococcus obeum and Eubacterium sp., was indicated for Bossou wild chimpanzees by ARDRA. TGGE on partial 16S rDNA followed by hierarchical clustering analysis showed a systematic difference in the composition of intestinal microbiota between wild and captive chimpanzees. However, several TGGE bands commonly shared by wild and captured chimpanzees were excised, and their sequences were obtained. They were suggested to be the Clostridium leptum subgroup bacteria, Lactobacillus gasseri-like bacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum- or B. catenulatum-like bacterium. These may be considered as common intestinal bacteria for chimpanzees, and may be transmitted vertically over generations.
由于在野外研究肠道细菌存在技术困难,关于野生黑猩猩肠道细菌的信息很少。在本研究中,进行了基于分子的细菌分析以克服这一困难,因为基于聚合酶链反应(PCR)的方法,如细菌16S rRNA基因的温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE)和扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析(ARDRA),可应用于乙醇固定的粪便样本。ARDRA显示,博苏野生黑猩猩中普遍存在属于梭菌rRNA XIVa亚群的细菌,如瘤胃球菌和真杆菌属。对部分16S rDNA进行TGGE分析,然后进行层次聚类分析,结果显示野生黑猩猩和圈养黑猩猩肠道微生物群的组成存在系统性差异。然而,野生黑猩猩和捕获黑猩猩共同拥有的几条TGGE条带被切除,并获得了它们的序列。它们被认为是纤细梭菌亚群细菌、加氏乳杆菌样细菌以及假链状双歧杆菌或链状双歧杆菌样细菌。这些可能被视为黑猩猩常见的肠道细菌,并且可能会在世代间垂直传播。