Ashique Sumel, Mohanto Sourav, Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar, Mishra Neeraj, Garg Ashish, Chellappan Dinesh Kumar, Omara Timothy, Iqbal Shabnoor, Kahwa Ivan
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 4;10(13):e34092. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34092. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a sophisticated communication network between the brain and the gut, involving immunological, endocrinological, and neural mediators. This bidirectional interaction is facilitated through the vagus nerve, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Evidence shows that alterations in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, significantly impact neurological disorders (NDs) like anxiety, depression, autism, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysbiosis can affect the central nervous system (CNS) via neuroinflammation and microglial activation, highlighting the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in disease pathogenesis. The microbiota influences the immune system by modulating chemokines and cytokines, impacting neuronal health. Synbiotics have shown promise in treating NDs by enhancing cognitive function and reducing inflammation. The gut microbiota's role in producing neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is critical for CNS homeostasis. Therapeutic interventions targeting the MGBA, including dietary modulation and synbiotic supplementation, offer potential benefits for managing neurodegenerative disorders. However, more in-depth clinical studies are necessary to fully understand and harness the therapeutic potential of the MGBA in neurological health and disease.
微生物群-肠-脑轴（MGBA）代表了大脑与肠道之间一个复杂的通讯网络，涉及免疫、内分泌和神经介质。这种双向相互作用通过迷走神经、交感神经和副交感神经纤维来实现，并受下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴调节。有证据表明，肠道微生物群组成的改变，即生态失调，会显著影响焦虑、抑郁、自闭症、帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经疾病（NDs）。生态失调可通过神经炎症和小胶质细胞激活影响中枢神经系统（CNS），凸显了微生物群-肠-脑轴（MGBA）在疾病发病机制中的重要性。微生物群通过调节趋化因子和细胞因子来影响免疫系统，进而影响神经元健康。合生元已显示出通过增强认知功能和减轻炎症来治疗神经疾病的潜力。肠道微生物群在产生神经递质和神经活性化合物（如短链脂肪酸（SCFAs））方面的作用对中枢神经系统稳态至关重要。针对MGBA的治疗干预措施，包括饮食调节和合生元补充，为管理神经退行性疾病提供了潜在益处。然而，需要更深入的临床研究来充分理解和利用MGBA在神经健康和疾病方面的治疗潜力。
