Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland.
Cell Death Differ. 1996 Oct;3(4):373-83.
In recent years, the human epidermal keratinocyte has been extensively studied. These studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), retinoids, phorbol ester, vitamin D and other agents regulate keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene expression. We review progress in understanding the mechanisms that regulate keratinocyte structural gene expression. In most cases little is known regarding the factors that regulate gene expression in response to a physiological agent. However, the available results suggest a role for a variety of transcription factors, including STAT factors, NFkappaB, octamer site (OCT) binding proteins and activator protein 1 (AP1) factors in regulating expression of these genes. Among these transcriptional regulators, AP1 appears to play a central role. We review the current literature regarding the regulation of involucrin, loricin, transglutaminase type 1 and cytokeratin gene expression. This survey indicates that the AP1 family of transcriptional regulators is implicated in the regulation of nearly all of these genes. We also discuss recent studies which describe the distribution of the AP1 factors, c-jun, junB, junD, Fra-1,Fra-2, c-fos and fosB, in epidermis.
近年来，人们对人类表皮角质形成细胞进行了广泛的研究。这些研究表明，表皮生长因子（EGF）、转化生长因子-β（TGFβ）、维甲酸、佛波酯、维生素 D 等物质调节角质形成细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡和基因表达。我们综述了有关调节角质形成细胞结构基因表达机制的研究进展。在大多数情况下，人们对调节基因表达的因子知之甚少，这些因子对生理因子的反应。然而，现有的结果表明，各种转录因子，包括 STAT 因子、NFκB、八聚体结合蛋白（OCT）和激活蛋白 1（AP1）因子，在调节这些基因的表达中发挥作用。在这些转录调节剂中，AP1 似乎起着核心作用。我们综述了目前关于调节表皮蛋白、壳聚糖、转谷氨酰胺酶 1 和细胞角蛋白基因表达的文献。该调查表明，AP1 家族的转录调节剂参与了几乎所有这些基因的调节。我们还讨论了最近的研究，这些研究描述了 AP1 因子、c-jun、junB、junD、Fra-1、Fra-2、c-fos 和 fosB 在表皮中的分布。
