Conn Kathleen E, Barber Larry B, Brown Gregory K, Siegrist Robert L
Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Colorado School of Mines, 206 Coolbaugh Hall, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Dec 1;40(23):7358-66. doi: 10.1021/es0605117.
Onsite wastewater treatment systems serve approximately 25% of the U.S. population. However, little is known regarding the occurrence and fate of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), including endocrine disrupting compounds, during onsite treatment. A range of OWCs including surfactant metabolites, steroids, stimulants, metal-chelating agents, disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, and pharmaceutical compounds was quantified in wastewater from 30 onsite treatment systems in Summit and Jefferson Counties, CO. The onsite systems represent a range of residential and nonresidential sources. Eighty eight percent of the 24 target compounds were detected in one or more samples, and several compounds were detected in every wastewater sampled. The wastewater matrices were complex and showed unique differences between source types due to differences in water and consumer product use. Nonresidential sources generally had more OWCs at higher concentrations than residential sources. Additional aerobic biofilter-based treatment beyond the traditional anaerobic tank-based treatment enhanced removal for many OWCs. Removal mechanisms included volatilization, biotransformation, and sorption with efficiencies from <1% to >99% depending on treatment type and physicochemical properties of the compound. Even with high removal rates during confined unit onsite treatment, OWCs are discharged to soil dispersal units at loadings up to 20 mg/m2/d, emphasizing the importance of understanding removal mechanisms and efficiencies in onsite treatment systems that discharge to the soil and water environments.
现场污水处理系统为大约25%的美国人口提供服务。然而，对于现场处理过程中有机废水污染物（OWCs）的出现情况和归宿，包括内分泌干扰化合物，人们了解甚少。对科罗拉多州萨米特县和杰斐逊县30个现场处理系统的废水中一系列OWCs进行了定量分析，这些OWCs包括表面活性剂代谢物、类固醇、兴奋剂、金属螯合剂、消毒剂、抗菌剂和药物化合物。这些现场系统代表了一系列住宅和非住宅来源。在24种目标化合物中，88%在一个或多个样本中被检测到，并且在每个采集的废水中都检测到了几种化合物。废水基质复杂，由于用水和消费品使用的差异，不同来源类型之间表现出独特的差异。非住宅来源的OWCs通常比住宅来源的浓度更高且种类更多。除了传统的基于厌氧池的处理之外，额外的基于好氧生物滤池的处理提高了许多OWCs的去除率。去除机制包括挥发、生物转化和吸附，去除效率从<1%到>99%不等，这取决于处理类型和化合物的物理化学性质。即使在受限单元现场处理过程中有很高的去除率，OWCs仍以高达20 mg/m2/d的负荷排放到土壤扩散单元中，这凸显了了解向土壤和水环境排放的现场处理系统中去除机制和效率的重要性。
