Barela Ana M F, Duarte Marcos
Laboratory of Biophysics, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65, São Paulo/SP 05508-030, Brazil.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008 Jun;18(3):446-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.10.008. Epub 2006 Dec 29.
In this study, we examined Spatial-temporal gait stride parameters, lower extremity joint angles, ground reaction forces (GRF) components, and electromyographic activation patterns of 10 healthy elderly individuals (70+/-6 years) walking in water and on land and compared them to a reference group of 10 younger adults (29+/-6 years). They all walked at self-selected comfortable speeds both on land and while immersed in water at the Xiphoid process level. Concerning the elderly individuals, the main significant differences observed were that they presented shorter stride length, slower speed, lower GRF values, higher horizontal impulses, smaller knee range of motion, lower ankle dorsiflexion, and more knee flexion at the stride's initial contact in water than on land. Concerning the comparison between elderly individuals and adults, elderly individuals walked significantly slower on land than adults but both groups presented the same speed walking in water. In water, elderly individuals presented significantly shorter stride length, lower stride duration, and higher stance period duration than younger adults. That is, elderly individuals' adaptations to walking in water differ from those in the younger age group. This fact should be considered when prescribing rehabilitation or fitness programs for these populations.
在本研究中，我们检测了10名健康老年人（70±6岁）在水中和陆地上行走时的时空步态步幅参数、下肢关节角度、地面反作用力（GRF）分量以及肌电图激活模式，并将其与10名年轻成年人（29±6岁）的参照组进行比较。他们在陆地上以及在剑突水平浸入水中时均以自我选择的舒适速度行走。关于老年人，观察到的主要显著差异在于，与在陆地上行走相比，他们在水中行走时步幅较短、速度较慢、GRF值较低、水平冲量较高、膝关节活动范围较小、踝关节背屈较小，且在步幅初始接触时膝关节屈曲更多。关于老年人与成年人之间的比较，老年人在陆地上行走的速度明显比成年人慢，但两组在水中行走时速度相同。在水中，老年人的步幅明显短于年轻人，步幅持续时间更短，站立期持续时间更长。也就是说，老年人对在水中行走的适应情况与年轻人群体不同。在为这些人群制定康复或健身计划时应考虑这一事实。
