Engohan Alloghe E, Toung Mve M, Ramarojoana S, Iba J, Nkoghe D
Departement de Pidiatrie, Facultd de Medecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon.
Med Trop (Mars). 2006 Oct;66(5):469-71.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the epidemiological features of tuberculosis patients under the age of 15 years treated at the Tuberculosis Control Center in Libreville, Gabon from 1997 to 2001 as a basis for improving management. Study criteria included age, sex, BCG vaccination status, social level, type of tuberculosis, HIV status and outcome of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using EPI INFO software. The childhood tuberculosis rate was 9% with a sex ratio of 1.02 and the most common age group was 0 to 4 years. Three fourths of children were from poor zones and 90% had received BCG vaccination. The incidence of tuberculosis did not increase from year to year. The location of tuberculosis was pulmonary in 77% of cases (n=433) and extrapulmonary in 23% (n=129). No case involving meningitis or miliary disease was observed. Sputum bacilloscopy was positive in 21% of cases involving pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV serology was positive in 4.4% of children tested. The success rate was 54%. Tuberculosis-related mortality was 0.7% but 37% of children were lost from follow-up. Efforts to control tuberculoses by screening children exposed to bacilliferous conditions and vaccinating newborns must be continued. Treatment for tuberculosis must be given free of charge and under medical supervision as recommended by the World Health Organization.
本回顾性研究的目的是确定1997年至2001年在加蓬利伯维尔结核病控制中心接受治疗的15岁以下结核病患者的流行病学特征，作为改善管理的依据。研究标准包括年龄、性别、卡介苗接种状况、社会阶层、结核病类型、艾滋病毒状况和治疗结果。使用EPI INFO软件进行统计分析。儿童结核病发病率为9%，性别比为1.02，最常见的年龄组为0至4岁。四分之三的儿童来自贫困地区，90%接种过卡介苗。结核病发病率并未逐年上升。77%（n = 433）的病例结核病发生在肺部，23%（n = 129）发生在肺外。未观察到涉及脑膜炎或粟粒性疾病的病例。在肺结核病例中，21%的痰涂片镜检呈阳性，在接受检测的儿童中，4.4%的艾滋病毒血清学呈阳性。成功率为54%。结核病相关死亡率为0.7%，但37%的儿童失访。必须继续通过筛查接触带菌环境的儿童和为新生儿接种疫苗来控制结核病。必须按照世界卫生组织的建议，免费并在医疗监督下提供结核病治疗。
