Persson Andreas, Kerr Margaret, Stattin Håkan
Center for Developmental Research, Department of Behavioral, Social and Legal Science, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Dev Psychol. 2007 Jan;43(1):197-207. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.197.
Adolescent participation in structured activities, meaning those with adult leaders, regular meetings, and skill-building activities, is related to good adjustment. Participation in unstructured, unsupervised, peer-oriented activities is related to poor adjustment. Structured activity participation is high in early adolescence and then declines, raising the question of why youths leave structured activities. The authors examined explanations involving parents and peers. They used longitudinal data from 861 youths (ages 13-17 years). Results showed that, compared with youths who stayed in structured activities, those who switched to hanging out on the streets were less likely to have peers in structured activities and had less positive feelings about the home context and more negative interactions with parents. In addition, delinquency predicted switching to hanging out in the streets and never joining structured activities in the first place. The results concerning parents support a theoretical explanation of how parents might unintentionally affect youths' leisure choices. Furthermore, the authors found some indications that positive feelings at home might protect youths who switch from structured activities to hanging out on the streets from increases in delinquency.
青少年参与有组织的活动，即那些有成人领导、定期集会和技能培养活动的组织，与良好的适应能力相关。参与无组织、无人监管、以同龄人为主导的活动则与适应不良相关。有组织活动的参与度在青春期早期较高，随后下降，这就引发了一个问题，即为什么年轻人会离开有组织的活动。作者研究了涉及父母和同龄人的解释。他们使用了来自861名青少年（年龄在13至17岁之间）的纵向数据。结果显示，与那些继续参与有组织活动的青少年相比，转而在街上闲逛的青少年在有组织活动中拥有同龄人的可能性较小，对家庭环境的感受较不积极，与父母的互动也更消极。此外，犯罪行为预示着会转而在街上闲逛，并且一开始就从不参与有组织的活动。关于父母的研究结果支持了一种理论解释，即父母可能会无意中影响青少年的休闲选择。此外，作者还发现了一些迹象，表明家庭中的积极感受可能会保护那些从有组织活动转向在街上闲逛的青少年，使其免于犯罪行为的增加。
