Walton Gregory M, Cohen Geoffrey L
Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):82-96. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.82.
Stigmatization can give rise to belonging uncertainty. In this state, people are sensitive to information diagnostic of the quality of their social connections. Two experiments tested how belonging uncertainty undermines the motivation and achievement of people whose group is negatively characterized in academic settings. In Experiment 1, students were led to believe that they might have few friends in an intellectual domain. Whereas White students were unaffected, Black students (stigmatized in academics) displayed a drop in their sense of belonging and potential. In Experiment 2, an intervention that mitigated doubts about social belonging in college raised the academic achievement (e.g., college grades) of Black students but not of White students. Implications for theories of achievement motivation and intervention are discussed.
污名化会导致归属感的不确定性。在这种状态下，人们对诊断其社会关系质量的信息很敏感。两项实验测试了归属感的不确定性如何削弱那些在学术环境中其群体具有负面特征的人的动机和成就。在实验1中，学生们被引导相信他们在某个知识领域可能没什么朋友。白人学生未受影响，而黑人学生（在学术领域受到污名化）的归属感和潜力则有所下降。在实验2中，一项减轻对大学社会归属感疑虑的干预措施提高了黑人学生的学业成绩（如大学成绩），但对白人学生没有效果。文中讨论了对成就动机理论和干预措施的启示。
