Trampe Debra, Stapel Diederik A, Siero Frans W
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):106-18. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.106.
When and why do media-portrayed physically attractive women affect perceivers' self-evaluations? In 6 studies, the authors showed that whether such images affect self-evaluations depends jointly on target features and perceiver features. In Study 1, exposure to a physically attractive target, compared with exposure to an equally attractive model, lowered women's self-evaluations. Study 2 showed that body-dissatisfied women, to a greater extent than body-satisfied women, report that they compare their bodies with other women's bodies. In Study 3, body-dissatisfied women, but not body-satisfied women, were affected by both attractive models and nonmodels. Furthermore, in Study 4, it was body-dissatisfied women, rather than body-satisfied women, who evaluated themselves negatively after exposure to a thin (versus a fat) vase. The authors replicated this result in Study 5 by manipulating, instead of measuring, body dissatisfaction. Finally, Study 6 results suggested that body dissatisfaction increases proneness to social comparison effects because body dissatisfaction increases self-activation.
媒体所描绘的身体有吸引力的女性何时以及为何会影响感知者的自我评价？在6项研究中，作者表明，此类形象是否会影响自我评价，取决于目标特征和感知者特征的共同作用。在研究1中，与接触同样有吸引力的模特相比，接触身体有吸引力的目标会降低女性的自我评价。研究2表明，对身体不满意的女性比身体满意的女性更频繁地报告她们会将自己的身体与其他女性的身体进行比较。在研究3中，对身体不满意的女性，而非身体满意的女性，会受到有吸引力的模特和非模特的影响。此外，在研究4中，是对身体不满意的女性，而非身体满意的女性，在接触瘦（而非胖）花瓶后对自己进行了负面评价。作者在研究5中通过操纵而非测量身体不满意程度，复制了这一结果。最后，研究6的结果表明，身体不满意会增加对社会比较效应的倾向，因为身体不满意会增加自我激活。
