Wakslak Cheryl J, Nussbaum Shiri, Liberman Nira, Trope Yaacov
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008 Oct;95(4):757-73. doi: 10.1037/a0012939.
Seven studies provide evidence that representations of the self at a distant-future time point are more abstract and structured than are representations of the self at a near-future time point and that distant-future behaviors are more strongly related to general self-conceptions. Distant-future self-representations incorporate broader, more superordinate identities than do near-future self-representations (Study 1) and are characterized by less complexity (Study 2), more cross-situational consistency (Study 3), and a greater degree of schematicity (Study 4). Furthermore, people's behavioral predictions of their distant-future (vs. near-future) behavior are more strongly related to their general self-characteristics (Study 5), distant-future behaviors are seen as more self-expressive (Study 6), and distant-future behaviors that do not match up with acknowledged self-characteristics are more strongly rejected as reflections of the self (Study 7). Implications for understanding both the nature of the self-concept and the way in which distance may influence a range of self-processes are discussed.
七项研究提供了证据，表明人们对遥远未来自我的表征比近期未来自我的表征更抽象、更具结构性，且遥远未来的行为与一般自我概念的关联更强。与近期未来自我表征相比，遥远未来自我表征包含更宽泛、更上位的身份认同（研究1），其特点是复杂性更低（研究2）、跨情境一致性更高（研究3）以及图式化程度更高（研究4）。此外，人们对遥远未来（而非近期未来）行为的行为预测与他们的一般自我特征关联更强（研究5），遥远未来行为被视为更具自我表达性（研究6），而与公认自我特征不符的遥远未来行为作为自我反映会遭到更强烈的排斥（研究7）。本文还讨论了这些发现对于理解自我概念的本质以及距离可能影响一系列自我过程的方式的意义。
