Estelles Josefina, Lluch Javier, Rodríguez-Arias Marta, Aguilar María A, Miñarro José
Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Brain Res Bull. 2007 Jan 9;71(4):393-403. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.10.008. Epub 2006 Nov 7.
Psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine have profound and long-lasting neurobiological effects, which may affect anxiety or social behaviors. These actions could be greater when cocaine is administered during a developmental period such as adolescence. The present work attempts to further clarify the long-lasting effects of cocaine administration on mice, examining three major variables: age; pattern of drug administration; and housing conditions. Adolescent (postnatal day 26) or early adult mice (postnatal day 46) were exposed to a daily or binge cocaine administration and 15 days later their behavior was evaluated, the mice being housed either in isolation or in groups during this stage. After a period free of drug, the behaviors evaluated were: spontaneous and cocaine-induced motor activity; anxiety, using the elevated plus maze; the social profile, assessed in a social interaction test. Daily cocaine administration increased avoidance and flee in isolated adolescent-treated mice and decreased social contacts in those which were grouped. On the other hand, the binge pattern modified the anxiety of the grouped adolescent-treated mice evidenced by the increase in time spent on the open arms of the plus maze. An increase in spontaneous and cocaine-induced motor activity was shown in animals after a daily pre-treatment. The results are discussed in terms of presenting cocaine-induced behavioral changes within a specific temporal window and depending on the three variables studied.
可卡因等精神兴奋剂药物具有深远且持久的神经生物学效应，这可能会影响焦虑或社交行为。当在青春期等发育阶段使用可卡因时，这些作用可能会更强。目前的研究试图进一步阐明可卡因给药对小鼠的长期影响，研究三个主要变量：年龄；给药模式；以及饲养条件。将青春期（出生后第26天）或成年早期小鼠（出生后第46天）每日或大量给予可卡因，15天后评估它们的行为，在此阶段小鼠单独或成群饲养。在一段无药物期后，评估的行为包括：自发和可卡因诱导的运动活动；使用高架十字迷宫评估焦虑；通过社交互动测试评估社交情况。每日给予可卡因会增加单独处理的青春期小鼠的回避和逃窜行为，并减少成群饲养小鼠的社交接触。另一方面，大量给药模式改变了成群处理的青春期小鼠的焦虑情况，这通过在十字迷宫开放臂上花费时间的增加得以证明。每日预处理后，动物的自发和可卡因诱导的运动活动增加。根据在特定时间窗口内呈现的可卡因诱导的行为变化以及所研究的三个变量对结果进行了讨论。
