Brugge D, Rice P W, Terry P, Howard L, Best J
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
New Solut. 2001;11(2):149-64. doi: 10.2190/NJ9H-MLA2-GX7F-C0AU.
To determine frequency of and possible associations between environmental housing factors and self-reported respiratory symptoms in public housing.
We used a community-participatory method in which trained residents conducted in-person interviews with a random sample of 53 households in one housing development in Boston, Massachusetts.
Environmental factors suspected of affecting respiratory health that were reported by more than 30 percent of respondents included: Moisture (43 percent), mold (43 percent), cracks in walls, floors and ceilings (49 percent), sewage leaks (33 percent), unexplained odor (35 percent), use of air fresheners (91 percent), use of gas ovens for heating (38 percent), no vent for the oven (74 percent), stuffy air (66 percent), overheating at least part of the winter (73 percent), cockroaches (70 percent), rodents (40 percent), pets (39 percent), frequent renovations (40 percent), repeated requests for repairs (52 percent), dust from construction (45 percent), use of more than three hazardous household products (32 percent), vehicle traffic nearby (81 percent), and smoking in the household (57 percent). Forty percent of respondents reported having asthma. Respondents also reported that 56 percent of their children had asthma. Forty percent of respondents reported wheeze and 48 percent reported coughing or sneezing episodes in the preceding month. We found the following positive statistically significant associations, adjusted for age, sex, Black or Hispanic origin, and years lived in public housing: wheeze with moisture problems (OR = 4.8; CI = 1.2, 19.3), sewage leaks (OR = 6.3; CI = 1.3, 30.3), odor (OR = 7.5; CI = 1 .4, 39.0), cracks in walls,floors and ceilings (OR = 8.6; CI 1.9, 38.0), and frequency of renovations (OR = 9.8; CI = 1.8, 54.4); cough with moisture problems (OR = 5.3; CI = 1.3, 20.8), stuffy air (OR = 4.4; CI = 1.2, 16.7), cockroaches (OR = 5.4; CI = 1.2, 24.2), smoking (OR = 5.0; CI = 1.2, 20.5), odor (OR = 10.9; CI = 2.3, 53.0), cracks in walls, floors and ceilings (OR = 6.2; CI = 1.8, 22.3) and frequency of renovations (OR = 4.4; CI = 1.1, 17.5); and sneeze with cockroaches (OR = 5.2; CI = 1.1, 24.2), stuffy air (OR = 6.3; CI = 1.5, 26.5), cracks in walls, floors and ceilings (OR = 6.3; CI = 1.7, 23.1), repeated requests for repairs (OR = 5.6; CI = 1.4, 21.5), and construction dust (OR = 15.6; CI = 2.2, 112.3).
Housing conditions that affect respiratory health were common in this public housing development. Self-reported rates of respiratory symptoms and asthma were extremely high. Statistical associations between housing conditions and respiratory symptoms in the preceding month were frequently positive and sometimes statistically significant. Engaging community residents strengthened the research process.
确定公共住房中环境居住因素与自我报告的呼吸道症状之间的频率及可能的关联。
我们采用了社区参与式方法，由经过培训的居民对马萨诸塞州波士顿一个住房开发区的53户家庭进行随机抽样的面对面访谈。
超过30%的受访者报告的怀疑影响呼吸健康的环境因素包括：潮湿（43%）、霉菌（43%）、墙壁、地板和天花板裂缝（49%）、污水泄漏（33%）、不明气味（35%）、使用空气清新剂（91%）、使用燃气烤箱取暖（38%）、烤箱无通风口（74%）、空气闷热（66%）、冬季至少部分时间过热（73%）、蟑螂（70%）、啮齿动物（40%）、宠物（39%）、频繁翻新（40%）、多次请求维修（52%）、建筑灰尘（45%）、使用三种以上有害家用产品（32%）、附近有车辆通行（81%）以及家中有人吸烟（57%）。40%的受访者报告患有哮喘。受访者还报告说他们的孩子中有56%患有哮喘。40%的受访者报告在前一个月有喘息症状，48%的受访者报告有咳嗽或打喷嚏发作。在对年龄、性别、黑人或西班牙裔血统以及在公共住房居住的年限进行调整后，我们发现了以下具有统计学显著意义的正相关关系：喘息与潮湿问题（比值比[OR]=4.8；置信区间[CI]=1.2，19.3）、污水泄漏（OR=6.3；CI=1.3，30.3）、气味（OR=7.5；CI=1.4，39.0）、墙壁、地板和天花板裂缝（OR=8.6；CI=1.9，38.0）以及翻新频率（OR=9.8；CI=1.8，54.4）；咳嗽与潮湿问题（OR=5.3；CI=1.3，20.8）、空气闷热（OR=4.4；CI=1.2，16.7）、蟑螂（OR=5.4；CI=1.2，24.2）、吸烟（OR=5.0；CI=1.2，20.5）、气味（OR=10.9；CI=2.3，53.0）、墙壁、地板和天花板裂缝（OR=6.2；CI=1.8，22.3）以及翻新频率（OR=4.4；CI=1.1，17.5）；打喷嚏与蟑螂（OR=5.2；CI=1.1，24.2）、空气闷热（OR=6.3；CI=1.5，26.5）、墙壁、地板和天花板裂缝（OR=6.3；CI=1.7，23.1）、多次请求维修（OR=5.6；CI=1.4，21.5）以及建筑灰尘（OR=15.6；CI=2.2，112.3）。
在这个公共住房开发区，影响呼吸健康的住房条件很常见。自我报告的呼吸道症状和哮喘发生率极高。住房条件与前一个月呼吸道症状之间的统计关联经常为正，有时具有统计学显著意义。让社区居民参与加强了研究过程。
