Bradman Asa, Chevrier Jonathan, Tager Ira, Lipsett Michael, Sedgwick Jaqueline, Macher Janet, Vargas Ana B, Cabrera Elvia B, Camacho Jose M, Weldon Rosana, Kogut Katherine, Jewell Nicholas P, Eskenazi Brenda
Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7380, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Dec;113(12):1795-801. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7588.
Health burdens associated with poor housing and indoor pest infestations are likely to affect young children in particular, who spend most of their time indoors at home. We completed environmental assessments in 644 homes of pregnant Latina women and their children living in the Salinas Valley, California. High residential densities were common, with 39% of homes housing > 1.5 persons per room. Housing disrepair was also common: 58% of homes had peeling paint, 43% had mold, 25% had water damage, and 11% had rotting wood. Evidence of cockroaches and rodents was present in 60% and 32% of homes, respectively. Compared with representative national survey data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, homes in our sample were more likely to have rodents, peeling paint, leaks under sinks, and much higher residential densities. The odds of rodent infestations in homes increased in the presence of peeling paint [odds ratio (OR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.1], water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), and mold (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1). The odds of cockroach infestation increased in the presence of peeling paint (OR 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.6), water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9), or high residential density (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8). Homes that were less clean than average were more prone to both types of infestations. Pesticides were stored or used in 51% of households, partly to control roach and rodent infestations. These data indicate that adverse housing conditions are common in this community and increase the likelihood of pest infestations and home pesticide use. Interventions to improve housing and promote children's health and safety in this population are needed.
与住房条件差和室内害虫滋生相关的健康负担可能尤其会影响幼儿，因为他们大部分时间都待在家里。我们对居住在加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯山谷的644名拉丁裔孕妇及其子女的家庭进行了环境评估。居住密度高很常见，39%的家庭每个房间居住超过1.5人。房屋失修也很普遍：58%的房屋有油漆剥落，43%有霉菌，25%有水渍损坏，11%有腐烂的木材。分别有60%和32%的家庭有蟑螂和啮齿动物的迹象。与美国住房和城市发展部具有代表性的全国调查数据相比，我们样本中的家庭更有可能有啮齿动物、油漆剥落、水槽下漏水，且居住密度更高。在有油漆剥落（优势比[OR]2.1；95%置信区间[CI]，1.5 - 3.1）、水渍损坏（OR 1.9；95% CI，1.2 - 2.7）和霉菌（OR 1.5；95% CI，1.0 - 2.1）的情况下，家庭中啮齿动物滋生的几率会增加。在有油漆剥落（OR 3.8；95% CI，2.7 - 5.6）、水渍损坏（OR 1.9；95% CI，1.2 - 2.9）或居住密度高（OR 2.1；95% CI，1.2 - 3.8）的情况下，蟑螂滋生的几率会增加。比平均清洁程度低的家庭更容易出现这两种害虫滋生情况。51%的家庭储存或使用杀虫剂，部分原因是为了控制蟑螂和啮齿动物的滋生。这些数据表明，该社区恶劣的住房条件很常见，增加了害虫滋生和家庭使用杀虫剂的可能性。需要采取干预措施来改善住房条件，并促进该人群中儿童的健康和安全。
