Wesongah J O, Murilla G A, Guantai A N, Elliot C, Fodey T, Cannavan A
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute-Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (TRC), Kikuyu, Kenya.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb;30(1):68-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00817.x.
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic shown to have specific activity against a wide variety of organisms that are causative agents of several disease conditions in domestic animals. Chloramphenicol has been banned for use in food-producing animals for its serious adverse toxic effects in humans. Due to the harmful effects of chloramphenicol residues livestock products should be free of any traces of these residues. Several analytical methods are available for chloramphenicol analysis but sensitive methods are required in order to ensure that no traces of chloramphenicol residues are present in edible animal products. In order to prevent the illegal use of chloramphenicol, regulatory control of its residues in food of animal origin is essential. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chloramphenicol has been locally developed and optimized for the detection of chloramphenicol in sheep serum. In the assay, chloramphenicol in the test samples and that in chloramphenicol-horseradish peroxidase conjugate compete for antibodies raised against the drug in camels and immobilized on a microtitre plate. Tetramethylbenzidine-hydrogen peroxide (TMB/H2O2) is used as chromogen-substrate system. The assay has a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL of serum with a high specificity for chloramphenicol. Cross-reactivity with florfenicol, thiamphenicol, penicillin, tetracyclines and sulfamethazine was not observed. The assay was able to detect chloramphenicol concentrations in normal sheep serum for at least 1 week after intramuscular injection with the drug at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The assay can be used as a screening tool for chloramphenicol use in animals.
氯霉素是一种广谱抗生素，已证明对多种在家畜中引发多种疾病状况的病原体具有特定活性。由于氯霉素对人类有严重的不良毒性作用，已禁止在食用动物中使用。由于氯霉素残留的有害影响，畜产品应不含任何这些残留痕迹。有几种分析方法可用于氯霉素分析，但需要灵敏的方法以确保食用动物产品中不存在氯霉素残留痕迹。为防止非法使用氯霉素，对其在动物源性食品中的残留进行监管控制至关重要。一种针对氯霉素的竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定法已在当地开发并优化，用于检测绵羊血清中的氯霉素。在该测定中，测试样品中的氯霉素与氯霉素 - 辣根过氧化物酶偶联物中的氯霉素竞争针对该药物在骆驼体内产生并固定在微量滴定板上的抗体。四甲基联苯胺 - 过氧化氢（TMB/H₂O₂）用作显色底物系统。该测定法的血清检测限为0.1 ng/mL，对氯霉素具有高特异性。未观察到与氟苯尼考、甲砜霉素、青霉素、四环素和磺胺二甲嘧啶的交叉反应。在用25 mg/kg体重（b.w.）的剂量对正常绵羊进行肌肉注射该药物后，该测定法能够在至少1周内检测绵羊血清中的氯霉素浓度。该测定法可作为动物中氯霉素使用情况的筛查工具。
