Montagne Lucile, Boudry Gaëlle, Favier Christine, Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle, Lallès Jean-Paul, Sève Bernard
Unité Mixte de Recherche Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humanine, INRA/Agrocampus Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France.
Br J Nutr. 2007 Jan;97(1):45-57. doi: 10.1017/S000711450720580X.
We analysed the spatio-temporal sequence of events concerning the morphology, physiology and ecology of the gut of piglets during the 2 weeks following weaning, in order to provide a limited number of variables that could be relevant markers of the gut post-weaning changes. An experiment was conducted on sixty piglets fasted for 2 d, then administered a weaning diet with a moderate or a high content of wheat using controlled gastric feeding, and slaughtered at different time-points post-weaning. Sixty-nine variables were analysed by principal component analysis. The results showed that the temporal changes induced in the gut by weaning can be divided into two periods: an acute period happening immediately after weaning, followed after day 5 by a more progressive adaptative and maturational phase. The main factors of this adaptation were the refeeding process and the time, while the diet per se had little influence. The villus length, lactose activity, macromolecule fluxes across the jejunum and the plasma cholecystokinin were proposed as markers of the acute phase. Ths mass of the jejunum, the weight of the pancrease, the content of stomach, the trypsin activity and the theophyl-line-induced secretion in jejunum were related to the re-feeding. Markers proposed to follow the gut maturation were the maltase activity, the glucose absorption and the basal resistance in the ileum, the lactobacilli and enterococci in the colon, and the pH of colonic and caecal contents. These markers might be helpful to design suitable diets to limit posts-weaning gut disorders in pigs.
我们分析了断奶后2周内仔猪肠道形态、生理和生态相关事件的时空序列，以提供少量可能是断奶后肠道变化相关标志物的变量。对60头仔猪进行了一项实验，先禁食2天，然后通过控制胃饲给予中等或高含量小麦的断奶日粮，并在断奶后的不同时间点屠宰。通过主成分分析对69个变量进行了分析。结果表明，断奶引起的肠道时间变化可分为两个阶段：断奶后立即出现的急性期，5天后是一个更渐进的适应性和成熟阶段。这种适应的主要因素是重新喂食过程和时间，而日粮本身影响很小。绒毛长度、乳糖活性、空肠大分子通量和血浆胆囊收缩素被提议作为急性期的标志物。空肠质量、胰腺重量、胃内容物、胰蛋白酶活性和空肠中茶碱诱导的分泌与重新喂食有关。提议用于跟踪肠道成熟的标志物是麦芽糖酶活性、葡萄糖吸收和回肠基础抵抗力、结肠中的乳酸杆菌和肠球菌，以及结肠和盲肠内容物的pH值。这些标志物可能有助于设计合适的日粮，以减少仔猪断奶后肠道疾病。
