Perry George H, Tito Raul Y, Verrelli Brian C
Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Mar;24(3):853-9. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm002. Epub 2007 Jan 11.
Recent studies have suggested that gene gain and loss may contribute significantly to the divergence between humans and chimpanzees. Initial comparisons of the human and chimpanzee Y-chromosomes indicate that chimpanzees have a disproportionate loss of Y-chromosome genes, which may have implications for the adaptive evolution of sex-specific as well as reproductive traits, especially because one of the genes lost in chimpanzees is critically involved in spermatogenesis in humans. Here we have characterized Y-chromosome sequences in gorilla, bonobo, and several chimpanzee subspecies for 7 chimpanzee gene-disruptive mutations. Our analyses show that 6 of these gene-disruptive mutations predate chimpanzee-bonobo divergence at approximately 1.8 MYA, which indicates significant Y-chromosome change in the chimpanzee lineage relatively early in the evolutionary divergence of humans and chimpanzees.
最近的研究表明，基因的获得和丢失可能在很大程度上导致了人类与黑猩猩之间的差异。对人类和黑猩猩Y染色体的初步比较表明，黑猩猩Y染色体基因的丢失比例过高，这可能对性别特异性以及生殖性状的适应性进化产生影响，特别是因为黑猩猩中丢失的一个基因在人类精子发生过程中起着关键作用。在这里，我们对大猩猩、倭黑猩猩以及几个黑猩猩亚种的Y染色体序列进行了特征分析，以研究7个黑猩猩基因破坏突变。我们的分析表明，这些基因破坏突变中有6个在约180万年前黑猩猩与倭黑猩猩分化之前就已存在，这表明在人类和黑猩猩进化分化的相对早期，黑猩猩谱系中的Y染色体就发生了显著变化。
