Bellot Juan, Bonet Andreu, Peña Juan, Sánchez Juan Rafael
Department of Ecology, Alicante University, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
Environ Manage. 2007 Mar;39(3):412-22. doi: 10.1007/s00267-005-0317-9. Epub 2007 Jan 11.
We analyzed the effects of changes in land cover on the water balance in Spain's Marina Baixa County, on the Mediterranean coast. To reveal how different land management strategies have affected the area's environment, four municipalities within the same catchment were studied: Benidorm, Callosa d'en Sarrià, Beniardà, and Guadalest. In the municipalities of Callosa and Benidorm, the proportion of the area covered by woodland declined by 4.2% and 30.2%, respectively, and woodland was replaced by agriculture and urban development. The abandonment of farmland produced a 17% increase in the proportion of the area covered by vegetation in Guadalest and Beniardá, where frequent forest fires have exacerbated a decrease in the area of pine woodland. Tourism development in Benidorm has been accompanied by an increase in the transportation infrastructure and by an expansion of areas with an impermeable surface, with the lowest level of infiltration into the aquifer system. These changes have generated a net water deficit in Callosa and Benidorm of more than 6 Mm(3)/year, creating a high demand for water imported from other municipalities (Guadalest and Beniardá) or from outside of the county to maintain the sustainability of the current water management strategies. The Marina Baixa case study is representative of many of the world's coastal areas that are undergoing rapid urban development based on an inappropriate understanding of human progress based mainly on economic development and thus provides insights into water management in other areas.
我们分析了西班牙地中海沿岸滨海拜亚县土地覆盖变化对水平衡的影响。为揭示不同的土地管理策略如何影响该地区的环境，我们研究了同一集水区内的四个市镇：贝尼多姆、卡洛萨德恩萨里亚、贝尼亚尔达和瓜达拉斯特。在卡洛萨和贝尼多姆这两个市镇，林地覆盖面积比例分别下降了4.2%和30.2%，林地被农业和城市开发所取代。瓜达拉斯特和贝尼亚尔达农田的荒废使得植被覆盖面积比例增加了17%，在那里，频繁的森林火灾加剧了松树林地面积的减少。贝尼多姆的旅游业发展伴随着交通基础设施的增加以及不透水地面区域的扩大，对含水层系统的渗透水平最低。这些变化在卡洛萨和贝尼多姆造成了每年超过600万立方米的净缺水，从而对从其他市镇（瓜达拉斯特和贝尼亚尔达）或该县以外地区调水产生了很高的需求，以维持当前水资源管理策略的可持续性。滨海拜亚的案例研究代表了世界上许多正在经历快速城市发展的沿海地区，这些地区基于对主要以经济发展为基础的人类进步的不当理解，从而为其他地区的水资源管理提供了见解。
