Division of Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany,
Environ Manage. 2010 Jul;46(1):44-59. doi: 10.1007/s00267-010-9498-y. Epub 2010 May 11.
Water management has been significantly reshaped throughout recent decades in Europe and worldwide. Vivid examples of this restructuring include Southern European coastal zones which have been transformed into the European "pleasure periphery" over the last 40 years, requiring significant changes in water service provision. Taking it as an illustrative case of the Southern European coastal freshwater crisis and the way different European Member States have dealt with it, the article provides an account of the Algarve, indicative of typical Portuguese dynamics, and compares it with developments in other European countries. Expanding demands on water services in this region led to a crisis situation throughout the nineties, which was resolved by shifting physical infrastructures and competencies to the supra-local level. The re-scaling of water management was instrumental to expanding national control over the sector at the expense of local authorities and privatization. The national level used European funds and regulations to re-configure the institutional and infrastructure set-up in order to provide for tourism and agricultural expansion. Quality tourism was constructed as a decentral, hegemonic state spatial project, with the Algarvian's entire water resource base being put at its disposal. The solution found illustrates a modified version of the supply side and surface water oriented "hydraulic paradigm" in Portugal: geared towards tourism and urban areas and the maintenance of irrigation agriculture. Delays in infrastructures, ideological preferences, maintaining national control over strategic water services and territoriality contributed towards the construction of water services as part of this hegemonic state spatial strategy for tourism expansion.
在过去的几十年里，欧洲和全球范围内的水资源管理发生了重大变化。这种结构调整的明显例子包括南欧沿海地区，这些地区在过去 40 年里已经变成了欧洲的“休闲外围”，这需要对供水服务进行重大改变。本文以南欧沿海淡水危机为例，说明了不同的欧洲成员国如何应对这一危机，并提供了阿尔加维地区的情况，这表明了葡萄牙的典型动态，并将其与其他欧洲国家的发展进行了比较。该地区对水服务的需求不断增加，导致整个 90 年代出现危机，通过将物理基础设施和能力转移到超地方一级，危机得到解决。水资源管理的重新调整对于扩大国家对该部门的控制至关重要，这损害了地方当局和私有化。国家层面利用欧洲基金和法规重新配置机构和基础设施，以促进旅游业和农业扩张。优质旅游被构建为一个去中心化的、霸权的国家空间项目，阿尔加维的整个水资源基础都为其所用。找到的解决方案说明了葡萄牙的供应方和地表水导向的“水力范式”的一个修正版本：面向旅游业和城市地区以及灌溉农业的维持。基础设施的延迟、意识形态偏好、对战略水资源服务的国家控制的维护以及领土性都促成了作为旅游扩张这一霸权国家空间战略的一部分的水服务的建设。
