Nerín Maria Antonia, Palop Jorge, Montaño Juan Antonio, Morandeira José Ramón, Vázquez Manuel
Department of Health, Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2006 Winter;17(4):215-20. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(2006)17[215:amsiof]2.0.co;2.
High altitude and exposure to cold are associated with significant levels of dehydration because of cold-altitude urine output, high energy expenditures, and poor access to water. The aims of the present study were to measure the fluid intake and urine output among military mountaineers during their stay at high altitude and to study the level of fluid intake and decrease in urine output in relation with acute mountain sickness (AMS).
This study used an analytic prospective follow-up design of hydration-dehydration conditions of a group of mountaineers with similar characteristics (military group). Data collected each day included quantity and type of fluid intake, urine output in 24 hours, other fluid output (as diarrhea or vomiting), and symptoms or signs of AMS according to the Lake Louise consensus score. Values are given as mean +/- SE. A 1-factor analysis of variance procedure and t test were used to compare variables.
The mountaineers consumed a variety of fluids, including water, tea, coffee, soup, Isostar, and milk. Daily fluid intake was 2800 +/- 979 mL, with a maximum intake of 4700 mL. Daily urine output was 1557 +/- 758 mL. When we stratify our sample at the median by fluid intake, a significant correlation is detected with mean balance and mean urine output. Mountaineers developing AMS demonstrated reduced urine output (mean 1336 mL) when compared with those without AMS (mean 1655 mL).
We found that fluid intake was associated but insignificantly correlated with incidence and degree of AMS. Past research suggests that vigorous hydration decreases incidence and severity of AMS and other altitude illnesses. Our results also imply that aggressive fluid intake is protective, but our limited sample size yielded insufficient power to demonstrate a statistically significant difference.
由于高海拔地区尿量增加、能量消耗大以及获取水源困难，高海拔和寒冷环境与显著的脱水水平相关。本研究的目的是测量军事登山者在高海拔停留期间的液体摄入量和尿量，并研究液体摄入量水平以及尿量减少与急性高山病（AMS）的关系。
本研究采用分析性前瞻性随访设计，对一组具有相似特征的登山者（军事组）的水合 - 脱水状况进行研究。每天收集的数据包括液体摄入量的数量和类型、24小时尿量、其他液体排出量（如腹泻或呕吐）以及根据路易斯湖共识评分得出的AMS症状或体征。数值以平均值±标准误表示。采用单因素方差分析程序和t检验来比较变量。
登山者摄入了多种液体，包括水、茶、咖啡、汤、益力多和牛奶。每日液体摄入量为2800±979毫升，最大摄入量为4700毫升。每日尿量为1557±758毫升。当我们按液体摄入量中位数对样本进行分层时，发现与平均平衡量和平均尿量存在显著相关性。与未患AMS的登山者（平均1655毫升）相比，患AMS的登山者尿量减少（平均1336毫升）。
我们发现液体摄入量与AMS的发病率和严重程度相关，但相关性不显著。过去的研究表明，积极补水可降低AMS和其他高原疾病的发病率和严重程度。我们的结果还表明积极摄入液体具有保护作用，但我们有限的样本量不足以证明存在统计学上的显著差异。
