Rapp David N, Klug Jessica L, Taylor Holly A
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2006 Sep;34(6):1206-20. doi: 10.3758/bf03193266.
Traditional research on situation models has examined the accessibility of locations and objects during narrative experiences. These studies have described a ubiquitous gradient effect: Spatial locations and objects in reader focus are more accessible than locations farther from this focus, with accessibility decreasing as a function of distance. How might readers' expectations about character movement, beyond information about spatial locations, additionally affect this accessibility gradient? In two experiments, we investigated whether reader expectations for character movement impact the accessibility of spatial information from memory. In Experiment 1, participants read stories that described characters moving in either a unidirectional or a random pattern through a learned environment. In Experiment 2, characters moved forward in a unidirectional way or backtracked through previously explored rooms. The results suggest that reader expectations for character movement can influence the accessibility of spatial information. Such expectations play a critical role in processes of narrative comprehension.
传统的情境模型研究考察了叙事体验过程中地点和物体的可及性。这些研究描述了一种普遍存在的梯度效应：读者关注焦点中的空间位置和物体比远离该焦点的位置更容易被获取，可及性随着距离的增加而降低。除了关于空间位置的信息之外，读者对角色移动的预期会如何额外影响这种可及性梯度呢？在两项实验中，我们研究了读者对角色移动的预期是否会影响记忆中空间信息的可及性。在实验1中，参与者阅读描述角色在一个熟悉的环境中以单向或随机模式移动的故事。在实验2中，角色以单向方式向前移动或通过之前探索过的房间折返。结果表明，读者对角色移动的预期会影响空间信息的可及性。这种预期在叙事理解过程中起着关键作用。
