Shaw Robert B, Kahn David M
Stanford University School of Medicine and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5715, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Feb;119(2):675-81; discussion 682-3. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000246596.79795.a8.
The face loses volume as the soft-tissue structures age. In this study, the authors demonstrate how specific bony aspects of the face change with age in both men and women and what impact this may have on the techniques used in facial cosmetic surgery.
Facial bone computed tomographic scans were obtained from 60 Caucasian patients (30 women and 30 men). The authors' study population consisted of 10 male and 10 female subjects in each of three age categories. Each computed tomographic scan underwent three-dimensional reconstruction with volume rendering, and the following measurements were obtained: glabellar angle (maximal prominence of glabella to nasofrontal suture), pyriform angle (nasal bone to lateral inferior pyriform aperture), and maxillary angle (superior to inferior maxilla at the articulation of the inferior maxillary wing and alveolar arch). The pyriform aperture area was also obtained. The t test was used to identify any trends between age groups.
The glabellar and maxillary angle in both the male and female subjects showed a significant decrease with increasing age. The pyriform angle did not show a significant change between age groups for either sex. There was a significant increase in pyriform aperture area from the young to the middle age group for both sexes.
These results suggest that the bony elements of the midface change dramatically with age and, coupled with soft-tissue changes, lead to the appearance of the aged face.
随着软组织结构老化，面部会失去体积。在本研究中，作者展示了面部特定的骨骼特征在男性和女性中如何随年龄变化，以及这可能对面部整形手术技术产生何种影响。
从60名白种人患者（30名女性和30名男性）获取面部骨骼计算机断层扫描图像。作者的研究人群包括三个年龄组中每组10名男性和10名女性受试者。对每张计算机断层扫描图像进行容积再现三维重建，并获得以下测量值：眉间角（眉间至鼻额缝的最大突出度）、梨状孔角（鼻骨至梨状孔外侧下缘）和上颌角（在下颌翼与牙槽弓连接处的上颌上下部）。还获得了梨状孔面积。采用t检验确定年龄组之间的任何趋势。
男性和女性受试者的眉间角和上颌角均随年龄增长而显著减小。梨状孔角在各年龄组之间无论男女均无显著变化。男女从青年组到中年组梨状孔面积均显著增加。
这些结果表明，面中部的骨骼成分随年龄变化显著，再加上软组织变化，导致了老年面部外观的出现。
