Kahn David M, Shaw Robert B
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Aesthet Surg J. 2008 May-Jun;28(3):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.asj.2008.02.007.
Facial aging is a dynamic process involving the aging of soft tissue and bony structures. The shape, size, and volume of the bony orbit have all been shown to change with increasing age.
In this study, we demonstrate how specific bony aspects of the orbit change with age in both male and female subjects and what impact this may have on the techniques used in facial cosmetic surgery.
Facial bone computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 60 white subjects (30 female, 30 male). Our study population consisted of 10 male and 10 female subjects in each of 3 age categories. Each CT scan underwent three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction with volume rendering. Orbital aperture width was measured as a line drawn from the posterior lacrimal crest to the frontozygomatic suture. This line was then used as the x-axis from which the distance to the superior and inferior orbital rim at nine equal increments (labeled 10 to 90) was obtained. The orbital aperture area was also measured on each 3-D model. The Student t test was used to identify any trends between age groups.
The orbital aperture width and area in both our male and female subjects showed a significant increase with increasing age. There was a significant increase in height of the superior orbital rim medially in both genders, suggesting that the superior orbital rim receded with age in this region. The inferior orbital rim receded significantly laterally in our female population, while our male subjects had a recession of the entire inferior orbital rim.
These results suggest that the bony elements of the orbit change dramatically with age, and this, coupled with soft tissue changes, can lead to the appearance of the aged eye and orbit.
面部老化是一个涉及软组织和骨骼结构老化的动态过程。眼眶骨骼的形状、大小和体积均已显示会随着年龄增长而发生变化。
在本研究中，我们展示了眼眶特定的骨骼方面在男性和女性受试者中如何随年龄变化，以及这可能对面部美容手术中所使用的技术产生何种影响。
从60名白人受试者（30名女性，30名男性）获取面部骨骼计算机断层扫描（CT）图像。我们的研究人群包括3个年龄组中每组10名男性和10名女性受试者。对每张CT扫描图像进行容积再现三维（3-D）重建。眼眶开口宽度测量为从泪后嵴至额颧缝所画的一条线。然后将这条线用作x轴，由此获得以九个相等增量（标记为10至90）到眶上缘和眶下缘的距离。还在每个3-D模型上测量眼眶开口面积。采用Student t检验来确定年龄组之间的任何趋势。
我们的男性和女性受试者的眼眶开口宽度和面积均随年龄增长而显著增加。两性眶上缘内侧高度均显著增加，表明该区域眶上缘随年龄后缩。在我们的女性人群中，眶下缘显著向外侧后缩，而我们的男性受试者整个眶下缘后缩。
这些结果表明，眼眶的骨骼成分随年龄发生显著变化，并且这与软组织变化一起，可导致老年眼部和眼眶的外观改变。
