Astle Megan V, Horan Kristy A, Ooms Lisa M, Mitchell Christina A
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800.
Biochem Soc Symp. 2007(74):161-81. doi: 10.1042/BSS0740161.
Phosphoinositide signals regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeletal rearrangement and intracellular trafficking. Hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, by inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases regulates synaptic vesicle recycling (synaptojanin-1), hematopoietic cell function [SHIP1(SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase-1)], renal cell function [OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe)] and insulin signalling (SHIP2). We present here a detailed review of the characteristics of the ten mammalian 5-phosphatases. Knockout mouse phenotypes and underexpression studies are associated with significant phenotypic changes, indicating non-redundant roles, despite, in many cases, overlapping substrate specificity and tissue expression. The extraordinary complexity in the control of phosphoinositide signalling continues to be revealed.
磷酸肌醇信号调节细胞增殖、分化、细胞骨架重排和细胞内运输。肌醇多磷酸5-磷酸酶对磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸（PtdIns(4,5)P2）和磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸（PtdIns(3,4,5)P3）的水解作用调节突触小泡循环（突触素-1）、造血细胞功能[含SH2结构域的肌醇多磷酸5-磷酸酶-1（SHIP1）]、肾细胞功能[劳氏眼脑肾综合征（OCRL）]和胰岛素信号传导（SHIP2）。在此，我们对十种哺乳动物5-磷酸酶的特性进行详细综述。基因敲除小鼠的表型及表达不足研究均与显著的表型变化相关，这表明尽管在许多情况下底物特异性和组织表达存在重叠，但它们具有非冗余作用。磷酸肌醇信号传导控制方面的异常复杂性仍在不断被揭示。
