Beard John
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Nutr. 2007 Feb;137(2):524S-530S. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.2.524S.
Infants are at risk for iron deficiency as breast milk or formula is replaced by semisolid foods during weaning. The scope of this article is to briefly review new findings on developmental iron deficiency and the persistence of deficiency effects into adulthood. A lack of sufficient iron intake may significantly delay the development of the central nervous system because of alterations in morphology, neurochemistry, and bioenergics. Depending on the stage of development at the time of iron deficiency, there may be an opportunity to reverse adverse effects, but the success of repletion efforts may be time dependent. The program project on "Brain and Behavior in Early Iron Deficiency" (B. Lozoff, P.I.) undertook preclinical and clinical studies to identify the regions of the brain and behaviors affected, and perhaps irreversibly altered, by early-life iron deficiency. Multiple outcomes are being measured in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. Data in monkeys show significant effects on neurodevelopment with dietary iron deficiency. Findings in human infants are consistent with altered myelination and changes in monoamine functioning. Rodent studies show that effects of iron deficiency during gestation and lactation persist despite restoration of iron status at weaning. These cross-species studies indicate a vulnerable period in early development that may result in long-lasting damage.
婴儿在断奶期间，当母乳或配方奶被半固体食物取代时，有缺铁风险。本文的范围是简要回顾关于发育性缺铁以及缺铁影响持续至成年期的新发现。由于形态学、神经化学和生物能量学的改变，铁摄入不足可能会显著延迟中枢神经系统的发育。根据缺铁时的发育阶段，可能有机会逆转不良影响，但补充措施的成功可能取决于时间。“早期缺铁时的脑与行为”项目（负责人：B. 洛佐夫）开展了临床前和临床研究，以确定受早期缺铁影响且可能发生不可逆改变的脑区和行为。正在对人类、非人灵长类动物和啮齿动物进行多种结果的测量。猴子的数据显示，饮食缺铁对神经发育有显著影响。人类婴儿的研究结果与髓鞘形成改变和单胺功能变化一致。啮齿动物研究表明，尽管在断奶时恢复了铁状态，但妊娠和哺乳期缺铁的影响仍然存在。这些跨物种研究表明，早期发育存在一个易受影响的时期，可能会导致长期损害。
