Tyo Keith E, Alper Hal S, Stephanopoulos Gregory N
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 56-469, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;25(3):132-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.01.003. Epub 2007 Jan 24.
Metabolic engineering exploits an integrated, systems-level approach for optimizing a desired cellular property or phenotype; and great strides have been made within this scope and context during the past fifteen years. However, due to limitations in the concepts and techniques, these have relied on a focused, pathway-oriented view. Recent advances in 'omics' technologies and computational systems biology have brought the foundational systems approach of metabolic engineering into focus. At the same time, protein engineering and synthetic biology have expanded the breadth and precision of the methods available to metabolic engineers to improve strain properties. Examples are presented that illustrate this broader perspective of tools and concepts, including a recent approach for global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which has demonstrated the ability to elicit multigenic transcriptional changes that have improved phenotypes compared with single-gene perturbations.
代谢工程利用一种综合的、系统层面的方法来优化所需的细胞特性或表型；在过去十五年里，在此范围内和背景下已经取得了巨大进展。然而，由于概念和技术的局限性，这些进展一直依赖于一种聚焦的、以途径为导向的观点。“组学”技术和计算系统生物学的最新进展使代谢工程的基础系统方法成为焦点。与此同时，蛋白质工程和合成生物学扩展了代谢工程师可用于改善菌株特性的方法的广度和精度。文中给出了一些例子来说明工具和概念的这种更广泛的视角，包括一种最近的全局转录机器工程（gTME）方法，该方法已证明能够引发多基因转录变化，与单基因扰动相比，这些变化改善了表型。
