Beheiry Eman Elazab, Abdel-Hamid Fathia Ahmed Mohamed
Alexandria, Egypt From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Jan;119(1):136-144. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000245068.04942.a8.
Numerous reports have discussed the use of the temporal fascia in reconstructive surgery, an issue mandating a detailed study of the anatomy of this structure and its vasculature.
The material of the present study consisted of 44 specimens, obtained from two stillbirths and 20 embalmed cadavers after injecting the external carotid artery with lead oxide solution. The superficial temporal fascia was visualized by means of radiography to delineate its vasculature.
The superficial temporal fascia split into two laminae: superficial and deep, the former being thicker over the lower third of the temporalis muscle resplit into two further layers. Its arterial supply was derived mainly from the superficial temporal artery, describing a proximal tortuous course in 13.6 percent of specimens supplemented by the zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, and posterior auricular arteries; the musculocutaneous perforators; and the zygomaticoorbital artery in 9.1 percent of specimens. The superficial temporal vein provided the venous drainage. The deep temporal fascia was thicker over the lower half of the temporalis where it split into superficial and deep layers. The fascial branch of the middle temporal artery provided its arterial supply and the muscular branch joined the loose areolar arterial network. Three temporal pads of fat (superficial, intermediate, and deep) were demonstrated. A temporal venous sinus was embedded within the deep and intermediate temporal pads of fat.
The superficial temporal artery provides an extra length for raising superficial temporal artery-based flaps. Caution should be exercised whenever the temporalis myofascial flap is raised, to avoid injuring the temporal venous sinus.
众多报告探讨了颞筋膜在重建手术中的应用，这一问题需要对该结构及其血管系统的解剖进行详细研究。
本研究材料包括44个标本，取自2例死产儿以及20例用氧化铅溶液注射颈外动脉后的防腐尸体。通过放射摄影观察颞浅筋膜以描绘其血管系统。
颞浅筋膜分为两层：浅层和深层，浅层在颞肌下三分之一处较厚，又进一步分为两层。其动脉供应主要来自颞浅动脉，13.6%的标本中该动脉走行迂曲，另有颧颞、颧面及耳后动脉、肌皮穿支以及9.1%的标本中的眶颧动脉作为补充；颞浅静脉负责静脉引流。颞深筋膜在颞肌下半部较厚，在此处分为浅、深两层。颞中动脉的筋膜支提供动脉供应，肌支汇入疏松的乳晕动脉网。发现了三个颞脂肪垫（浅层、中层和深层）。颞静脉窦包埋于颞深脂肪垫和颞中脂肪垫内。
颞浅动脉为掀起以颞浅动脉为蒂的皮瓣提供了额外长度。掀起颞肌筋膜瓣时应谨慎操作，避免损伤颞静脉窦。
