Roggendorf M, Schlipköter U
Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Universität München.
Beitr Infusionsther. 1991;28:13-21.
The hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus and is composed of at least three structural proteins. Viral RNA can be detected in the serum shortly after infection (earliest after three days). Specific antibodies, however, are detected not earlier than 3-4 months after infection. The second generation ELISA detects antibodies to structural (core/C22) and nonstructural (C100, 3c) proteins. Patients with complete recovery may lose antibodies within 2-3 years. However, patients with chronic outcome show a long time persistence of antibodies (anti-C100). Risk groups, such as hemophiliacs (70-95%), i.v. drug addicts (30-80%) and hemodialysis patients (0-45%), show a high prevalence of chronic HCV infection. The current tests seem to be good diagnostic tools for chronic HCV infection, but not for acute and past HCV infection.
丙型肝炎病毒是一种单链RNA病毒，至少由三种结构蛋白组成。感染后不久（最早在三天后）即可在血清中检测到病毒RNA。然而，特异性抗体在感染后3至4个月才会被检测到。第二代酶联免疫吸附测定法可检测针对结构蛋白（核心/C22）和非结构蛋白（C100、3c）的抗体。完全康复的患者可能在2至3年内失去抗体。然而，患有慢性丙型肝炎的患者抗体（抗C100）会长期存在。血友病患者（70-95%）、静脉注射吸毒者（30-80%）和血液透析患者（0-45%）等高危人群慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染的患病率较高。目前的检测方法似乎是诊断慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染的良好工具，但不适用于急性和既往丙型肝炎病毒感染。
