Chiribella Giulio, D'Ariano Giacomo Mauro
QUIT Group, Dipartimento di Fisica A. Volta and INFM, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Dec 22;97(25):250503. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.250503. Epub 2006 Dec 21.
Any physical transformation that equally distributes quantum information over a large number M of users can be approximated by a classical broadcasting of measurement outcomes. The accuracy of the approximation is at least of the order O(M(-1)). In particular, quantum cloning of pure and mixed states can be approximated via quantum state estimation. As an example, for optimal qubit cloning with 10 output copies, a single user has an error probability p(err) > or = 0.45 in distinguishing classical from quantum output, a value close to the error probability of the random guess.