Azpiroz F, Bouin M, Camilleri M, Mayer E A, Poitras P, Serra J, Spiller R C
Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007 Jan;19(1 Suppl):62-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00875.x.
General introduction The concept of visceral hypersensitivity is accepted as being germane to several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The causes or risk factors associated with this hypersensitivity are unclear. This article addresses the proposed mechanisms leading to hypersensitivity: from genetic to inflammatory disorders, from central to peripheral alterations of function. However, in order to place visceral hypersensitivity in a more global perspective as an aetiological factor for FGIDs, it also provides a review of recent evidence regarding the role of other peripheral mechanisms (the intraluminal milieu), as also genetic factors in the pathophysiology of these disorders. The article has been divided into five independent sections. The first three sections summarize the evidence of visceral hypersensitivity as a biological marker of functional gut disorders, the peripheral and central mechanisms involved, and the role of inflammation on hypersensitivity. In opposition to visceral hypersensitivity as an isolated phenomenon in functional gut disorders, the last two sections focus on the importance of peripheral mechanisms, like motor disturbances, specifically those resulting on altered transport of intestinal gas, and alterations of the intraluminal milieu and genetics.
概述 内脏高敏感性的概念被认为与多种功能性胃肠疾病（FGIDs）相关。与这种高敏感性相关的病因或危险因素尚不清楚。本文探讨了导致高敏感性的潜在机制：从遗传到炎症性疾病，从功能的中枢改变到外周改变。然而，为了从更全面的角度将内脏高敏感性视为FGIDs的病因，本文还综述了有关其他外周机制（管腔内环境）以及遗传因素在这些疾病病理生理学中的作用的最新证据。本文分为五个独立部分。前三部分总结了内脏高敏感性作为功能性肠道疾病生物标志物的证据、涉及的外周和中枢机制以及炎症对高敏感性的作用。与内脏高敏感性在功能性肠道疾病中作为一种孤立现象不同，最后两部分重点关注外周机制的重要性，如运动障碍，特别是那些导致肠内气体运输改变的运动障碍，以及管腔内环境和遗传学的改变。
