Nieman D C, Butterworth D E, Nieman C N, Lee K E, Lee R D
Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Jan;92(1):48-56; discussion 57.
We compared the general operating features and nutrient databases of six microcomputer dietary analysis systems. A 3-day food record with 73 food items was entered into each program; nutrient averages were compared with the US Department of Agriculture Nutrient Data Base for Standard Reference (USDA NDB), full version, release 9, for microcomputers. The six programs were found to vary widely in cost, number of foods and nutrients in the database, use of non-USDA data and imputation of data for missing values, number of print/export options, time to analyze the 3-day food record, and overall ease of use. Although all of the microcomputer dietary analysis systems were within 7% of the USDA NDB for energy, protein, total fat, and total carbohydrates, the proportion of other nutrients varying more than 15% from the USDA NDB varied considerably between programs. Variance among programs for 3-day food record nutrient values occurred because of differences in the number of food items included in the database (leading to varying degrees of substitution), the recency of the nutrient data (whether or not the most recent USDA releases had been incorporated), and the number of missing values (the degree to which non-USDA sources or estimated calculations were used to fill in the blanks from the USDA standard). Our results demonstrate that it is important for each dietitian to carefully choose a microcomputer dietary analysis system that is suitable to specific and predetermined needs.
我们比较了六种微型计算机膳食分析系统的一般操作特性和营养数据库。将包含73种食物的3天食物记录输入每个程序；将营养平均值与美国农业部标准参考营养数据库（USDA NDB）完整版第9版的微型计算机版本进行比较。结果发现，这六个程序在成本、数据库中食物和营养素的数量、非USDA数据的使用以及缺失值的数据估算、打印/导出选项的数量、分析3天食物记录的时间以及总体易用性方面存在很大差异。尽管所有微型计算机膳食分析系统在能量、蛋白质、总脂肪和总碳水化合物方面与USDA NDB的差异都在7%以内，但不同程序中其他营养素与USDA NDB的差异超过15%的比例差异很大。3天食物记录营养值在程序之间存在差异，原因在于数据库中包含的食物项目数量不同（导致不同程度的替代）、营养数据的时效性（是否纳入了美国农业部的最新版本）以及缺失值的数量（使用非USDA来源或估计计算来填补USDA标准中的空白的程度）。我们的结果表明，每位营养师仔细选择适合特定和预定需求的微型计算机膳食分析系统非常重要。
