Patton George C, Coffey Carolyn, Lynskey Michael T, Reid Sophie, Hemphill Sheryl, Carlin John B, Hall Wayne
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne. Victoria, Australia.
Addiction. 2007 Apr;102(4):607-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01728.x. Epub 2007 Feb 6.
Both alcohol and cannabis use carry health risks. Both are commonly initiated in adolescence. To date little research has described trajectories of adolescent cannabis or alcohol use or compared their respective consequences in young adulthood.
The design was a 10-year eight-wave cohort study of a state-wide community sample of 1943 Victorians initially aged 14-15 years. Moderate- and high-risk alcohol use was defined according to total weekly alcohol consumption. Moderate- and high-risk cannabis use were defined as weekly and daily use, respectively.
Around 90% of young adults used either alcohol or cannabis. Although an association existed between alcohol and cannabis use, there was a tendency for heavy users to use one substance predominantly at any one time. Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in the absence of moderate-risk alcohol use in teenagers predicted a sevenfold higher rate of daily cannabis use in young adults but only a twofold increase in high-risk alcohol use. Conversely, moderate-risk adolescent alcohol use in the absence of weekly cannabis predicted an approximately threefold increased rate of both high-risk drinking and daily cannabis use in young adulthood. Selective heavy cannabis use in both adolescence and young adulthood was associated with greater illicit substance use and poorer social outcomes in young adulthood than selective alcohol use.
Heavier teenage cannabis users tend to continue selectively with cannabis use. Considering their poor young adult outcomes, regular adolescent cannabis users appear to be on a problematic trajectory.
饮酒和使用大麻均会带来健康风险。二者通常都始于青少年时期。迄今为止，几乎没有研究描述过青少年使用大麻或酒精的轨迹，也没有比较过它们在青年期各自造成的影响。
该研究采用了一项为期10年、分八波进行的队列研究，对1943名最初年龄在14至15岁的维多利亚州全州社区样本进行了调查。中度和高风险饮酒根据每周酒精总消费量来定义。中度和高风险大麻使用分别定义为每周使用和每天使用。
约90%的年轻人饮酒或使用大麻。虽然饮酒和使用大麻之间存在关联，但重度使用者在任何时候往往主要使用一种物质。青少年在不中度饮酒的情况下每周或更频繁地使用大麻，预示着其在青年期每天使用大麻的几率会高出七倍，但高风险饮酒的几率仅会增加两倍。相反，青少年在不每周使用大麻的情况下中度饮酒，预示着其在青年期高风险饮酒和每天使用大麻的几率都会增加约三倍。与选择性饮酒相比，青少年期和青年期选择性大量使用大麻与青年期更多地使用非法物质及更差的社会结果相关。
青少年时期大量使用大麻的人往往会继续选择性地使用大麻。考虑到他们在青年期的不良后果，经常使用大麻的青少年似乎走上了一条有问题的轨迹。
