Shields Linda
Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, England, UK.
J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Feb;13(1):116-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00666.x.
A large project was undertaken to examine attitudes and opinions of health staff and parents about the care of hospitalized children in four countries. A simple scoring system, which allowed comparisons between results from each country, was needed to examine concepts under investigation.
This paper describes how, after trialling a range of methods, semantic differentials (SD) were found to be easy for the subjects to use. They translated well into other languages and provided scores which were easy to analyse and compare.
Semantic differentials are based on a series of line scores using adjectives and their antonyms for a set of characteristics. They are a particularly useful method for fieldwork analysis, as they can be done by hand with no computer support.
Semantic differentials were found to be useful for cross-cultural, quantitative studies of this kind. I discuss SDs, how they work, their trialling, reliability and validity and their usefulness in cross-cultural research.
开展了一个大型项目，以调查四个国家的医护人员和家长对住院儿童护理的态度和看法。需要一个简单的评分系统来检验所调查的概念，该系统要能让各国的结果进行比较。
本文描述了在试用一系列方法后，如何发现语义差异法（SD）对受试者来说易于使用。它们能很好地翻译成其他语言，并提供易于分析和比较的分数。
语义差异法基于一系列使用形容词及其反义词来描述一组特征的线性评分。它们是实地调查分析的一种特别有用的方法，因为无需计算机支持，手工即可完成。
发现语义差异法对于此类跨文化定量研究很有用。我讨论了语义差异法、其工作方式、试用情况、信度和效度以及它们在跨文化研究中的有用性。
