Jung Martin, Sehr Kathrin, Klimek Joachim
Policlinic for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Faculty of Dentistry, Giessen, Germany.
Oper Dent. 2007 Jan-Feb;32(1):45-52. doi: 10.2341/06-9.
This study evaluated the surface geometry of four nanocomposites and 1 hybrid composite after finishing with rigid rotary instruments. Four nanofilled composites (Premise, KerrHawe; Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent; Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE; Ceram X Duo, Dentsply) and one hybrid composite (Herculite XRV, KerrHawe) were used for the study. Sixty specimens were made of each product, 7 x 7 mm in size. Fifteen specimens of each composite were subjected to the following finishing procedures: a 30 microm diamond (FM 1), a sequence of a 30 microm and a 20 microm diamond (FM 2) and a 30 microm diamond followed by a 12-fluted tungsten carbide finishing bur (FM 3). As a reference, 15 other specimens of each material were treated with Sof-Lex discs. Evaluation of the surfaces was done with laser-stylus profilometry. Roughness parameters were average roughness (Ra) and profile-length ratio (LR). Statistical analysis of the data was performed by two-way and one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests by Scheffé. Additional qualitative assessment of the finished composite surfaces was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a tension of 25 kV. The composite materials and the finishing methods had a significant effect on surface roughness (p < 0.001 for Ra and LR). There were significant interactions between the materials and the finishing methods (p < 0.001 for Ra and LR). Compared to Herculite XRV, three of the nanocomposites were significantly smoother after finishing, according to FM 1-3 and after application of the Sof-Lex discs. Ceram X Duo and Herculite XRV had similar surface roughness in terms of Ra and LR. Compared to a single 30 microm diamond and a sequence of two diamonds (FM 2), significantly lower roughness values on all composites were achieved by using a 30 microm diamond followed by a tungsten carbide instrument (p < 0.001 for Ra and LR). Ra- and LR-values after FM 3 were similar or, in some cases, even lower than surface roughness measured after application of Sof-Lex discs. Evaluation by SEM revealed that the use of a 30 microm diamond caused detrimental surface alteration on all types of composites. A remarkable number of porosities were detected on 1 of the nanofilled composites.
本研究评估了四种纳米复合材料和一种混合复合材料在使用刚性旋转器械修整后的表面几何形状。研究使用了四种纳米填充复合材料（Premise，KerrHawe；Tetric EvoCeram，Ivoclar Vivadent；Filtek Supreme，3M ESPE；Ceram X Duo，Dentsply）和一种混合复合材料（Herculite XRV，KerrHawe）。每种产品制作60个试样，尺寸为7×7毫米。每种复合材料的15个试样进行以下修整程序：30微米金刚石（FM 1）、30微米和20微米金刚石序列（FM 2）以及30微米金刚石后接12刃硬质合金修整车针（FM 3）。作为对照，每种材料的另外15个试样用Sof-Lex盘进行处理。使用激光触针轮廓仪对表面进行评估。粗糙度参数为平均粗糙度（Ra）和轮廓长度比（LR）。数据的统计分析采用双向和单向方差分析以及Scheffé事后检验。通过在25 kV张力下的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对修整后的复合表面进行额外的定性评估。复合材料和修整方法对表面粗糙度有显著影响（Ra和LR的p<0.001）。材料和修整方法之间存在显著的相互作用（Ra和LR的p<0.001）。根据FM 1- 3以及使用Sof-Lex盘后，与Herculite XRV相比，三种纳米复合材料在修整后明显更光滑。就Ra和LR而言，Ceram X Duo和Herculite XRV具有相似的表面粗糙度。与单一的30微米金刚石和两个金刚石序列（FM 2）相比，使用30微米金刚石后接硬质合金器械在所有复合材料上获得的粗糙度值显著更低（Ra和LR的p<0.001）。FM 3后的Ra和LR值相似，在某些情况下甚至低于使用Sof-Lex盘后测量的表面粗糙度。SEM评估显示，使用30微米金刚石会对所有类型的复合材料造成有害的表面改变。在一种纳米填充复合材料上检测到大量孔隙。
