Iavicoli I, Carelli G, Marinaccio A, Magrini A, Fontana L, Boscolo P, Bergamaschi A
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2006 Oct-Dec;19(4 Suppl):21-4.
Palladium (Pd) and its compounds can cause sensitization, asthma and skin disorders. Sensitization to Pd is increasing in the European general population. In this study, Wistar rats were exposed for two weeks to 0, 1, 10,100 and 250 ng ml-1 of Pd as potassium hexachloro-palladate in drinking water. At the end of exposure, possible changes in two type-1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma) and one type-2 cytokine (IL-4) in the serum were measured. Our findings suggest that, after a sub-acute exposure, a moderate level of Pd causes a strong Th2 response. This also occurs at higher concentrations. Although no effect on Th1 cells is observed up to a concentration of 250 ng/ml, a significant increase in IL-2 production is reported thereafter. These results therefore suggest that in sub-acute exposure, Pd exerts a significant immuno-modulating effect, altering the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, even at low exposure doses. Our preliminary results indicate the need to carry out further studies to observe the effect of different types of Pd compounds and to measure other types of cytokines both in the animal model used in our study and in other models.
钯（Pd）及其化合物可引起过敏、哮喘和皮肤疾病。在欧洲普通人群中，对钯的过敏反应正在增加。在本研究中，将Wistar大鼠暴露于饮用水中浓度分别为0、1、10、100和250 ng/ml的六氯钯酸钾形式的钯中，为期两周。在暴露结束时，检测血清中两种1型细胞因子（IL-2、INF-γ）和一种2型细胞因子（IL-4）可能发生的变化。我们的研究结果表明，亚急性暴露后，中等水平的钯会引发强烈的Th2反应。在更高浓度下也会出现这种情况。尽管在浓度达到250 ng/ml之前未观察到对Th1细胞有影响，但此后报告IL-2产生显著增加。因此，这些结果表明，在亚急性暴露中，即使在低暴露剂量下，钯也会产生显著的免疫调节作用，改变Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡。我们的初步结果表明，有必要开展进一步研究，以观察不同类型钯化合物的作用，并在我们研究中使用的动物模型以及其他模型中检测其他类型的细胞因子。
