Bondia-Pons I, Serra-Majem Ll, Castellote A I, López-Sabater M C
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Reference Center in Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;61(12):1345-51. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602662. Epub 2007 Feb 14.
To analyze compliance with the current European and Spanish nutritional objectives in a representative sample from Catalonia, a Spanish Mediterranean region; and to examine relationships between diet and plasma fatty acid composition.
Cross-sectional nutritional survey.
Population based random sample derived from the Catalan Nutrition Survey.
A total of 516 healthy adult men (n=203) and women (n=313).
Dietary habits were assessed by means of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A physical exam included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and a fasting blood draw.
Gender differences were observed in nutrient and energy intakes. Women showed a better compliance with the nutritional recommendations for monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than did men. Men showed a better compliance for saturated fatty acid (SFA) and carbohydrate than did women. However, the SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratio was similar in both gender (1.6:2.3:1.0 for men; 1.7:2.5:1.0 for women). The highest compliance was observed for nutritional goals of sodium, calcium and fruit and vegetable intakes for both genders. In addition, the present study showed that levels of certain fatty acids in plasma are clearly associated with dietary intake of foods rich in these components. The highest correlations were found for n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with blue fish intake in both men and women (r (men)=0.36 and r (women)=0.42; P<0.001).
The diet followed in Catalonia seems to ensure compliance with most of the intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population. However, a reduction in the SFA intake and an increase in the carbohydrate intake could be recommended in order to reduce the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in this Mediterranean region.
This study was supported by the Catalan Department of Health, the Nutrition Catalan Centre of the Institute of Catalan Studies, and Mercadona SA.
分析西班牙地中海地区加泰罗尼亚一个具有代表性样本对当前欧洲和西班牙营养目标的依从性；并研究饮食与血浆脂肪酸组成之间的关系。
横断面营养调查。
基于加泰罗尼亚营养调查的人群随机样本。
总共516名健康成年男性（n = 203）和女性（n = 313）。
通过定量食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯。体格检查包括身高、体重、腰围和臀围，并采集空腹血样。
在营养素和能量摄入方面观察到性别差异。女性对单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）营养建议的依从性优于男性。男性对饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和碳水化合物的依从性优于女性。然而，男女的SFA:MUFA:PUFA比值相似（男性为1.6:2.3:1.0；女性为1.7:2.5:1.0）。男女对钠、钙以及水果和蔬菜摄入量的营养目标依从性最高。此外，本研究表明血浆中某些脂肪酸水平与富含这些成分的食物的饮食摄入量明显相关。男性和女性中n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸与蓝鱼摄入量的相关性最高（男性r = 0.36，女性r = 0.42；P < 0.001）。
加泰罗尼亚地区的饮食似乎确保了对西班牙人群大多数中间营养目标的依从性。然而，为了降低该地中海地区目前超重和肥胖的患病率，建议减少SFA摄入量并增加碳水化合物摄入量。
本研究得到加泰罗尼亚卫生部、加泰罗尼亚研究协会营养加泰罗尼亚中心和Mercadona SA的支持。
