Kuhls Katrin, Keilonat Lyvia, Ochsenreither Sebastian, Schaar Matthias, Schweynoch Carola, Presber Wolfgang, Schönian Gabriele
Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene (Parasitology), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dorotheenstr. 96, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Microbes Infect. 2007 Mar;9(3):334-43. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.12.009. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is the gold standard for taxonomy and strain typing of Leishmania, but has some limitations. An alternative reliable and fast genotyping method for addressing population genetic and key epidemiological questions, is multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). MLMT using 15 markers was applied to 91 strains of L. donovani, L. archibaldi, L. infantum and L. chagasi from major endemic regions of visceral leishmaniasis. Population structures were inferred by combination of Bayesian model-based and distance-based approaches. Six main genetically distinct populations were identified: (1) L. infantum/L. chagasi MON-1 and (2) L. infantum/L. chagasi non-MON-1, both Mediterranean region/South America; (3) L. donovani (MON-18), L. archibaldi (MON-82), L. infantum (MON-30, 81) and (4) L. donovani (MON-31, 274), L. archibaldi (MON-82, 257, 258), L. infantum (MON-267), both Sudan/Ethiopia; (5) L. donovani MON-2, India; (6) L. donovani (MON-36, 37, 38), Kenya and India. Substructures according to place and time of strain isolation were detected. The VL populations seem to be predominantly clonal with a high level of inbreeding. Allelic diversity was highest in the Mediterranean region, intermediate in Africa and lowest in India. MLMT provides a powerful tool for global taxonomic, population genetic and epidemiological studies of the L.donovani complex.
多位点酶电泳（MLEE）是利什曼原虫分类和菌株分型的金标准，但存在一些局限性。一种用于解决群体遗传学和关键流行病学问题的可靠且快速的基因分型方法是多位点微卫星分型（MLMT）。使用15个标记的MLMT应用于来自内脏利什曼病主要流行地区的91株杜氏利什曼原虫、阿奇巴尔德利什曼原虫、婴儿利什曼原虫和恰加斯利什曼原虫。通过基于贝叶斯模型和基于距离的方法相结合来推断群体结构。鉴定出六个主要的遗传上不同的群体：（1）婴儿利什曼原虫/恰加斯利什曼原虫MON-1和（2）婴儿利什曼原虫/恰加斯利什曼原虫非MON-1，均来自地中海地区/南美洲；（3）杜氏利什曼原虫（MON-18）、阿奇巴尔德利什曼原虫（MON-82）、婴儿利什曼原虫（MON-30、81）和（4）杜氏利什曼原虫（MON-31、274）、阿奇巴尔德利什曼原虫（MON-82、257、258）、婴儿利什曼原虫（MON-267），均来自苏丹/埃塞俄比亚；（5）杜氏利什曼原虫MON-2，来自印度；（6）杜氏利什曼原虫（MON-36、37、38），来自肯尼亚和印度。检测到根据菌株分离地点和时间的亚结构。内脏利什曼病群体似乎主要是克隆性的，近亲繁殖水平较高。等位基因多样性在地中海地区最高，在非洲居中，在印度最低。MLMT为杜氏利什曼原虫复合体的全球分类学、群体遗传学和流行病学研究提供了一个强大的工具。
