Chen Pei-Jen, Rosenfeldt Erik J, Kullman Seth W, Hinton David E, Linden Karl G
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, USA
Sci Total Environ. 2007 Apr 15;376(1-3):18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.051. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
Numerous studies have investigated degradation of individual endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in lab or natural waters. However, natural variations in water matrices and mixtures of EDCs in the environment may confound analysis of the treatment efficiency. Because chemical based analytical methods cannot represent the combined or synergistic activities between water quality parameters and/or the EDC mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations (microg L(-1)-ng L(-1)), bioanalytical assessments of residual estrogenic activity in treated water were used to evaluate the performance of the UV based advanced oxidation process for estrogenic contaminants in water. Four EDCs including estradiol (E(2)), ethinyl estradiol (EE(2)), bisphenol-A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) were spiked individually or as a mixture at mug L(-1)-ng L(-1) in laboratory or natural river water. The removal rates of estrogenic activity were quantitatively evaluated by in vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) and in vivo Vitellogenin (VTG) assays with Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). UV in combination with 10 ppm H(2)O(2) as an oxidation process was capable of decreasing in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity, however, in vivo estrogenic activity of the EDC mixture in natural water was not completely removed at UV fluence up to 2000 mJ cm(-2). The removal rates of in vitro estrogenic activity of the EDC mixtures were lower than those observed for single compounds, and slower in natural waters, likely due to lower steady-state concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) in the presence of *OH scavengers from the water matrix and EDC mixture.
许多研究调查了实验室或天然水体中单个内分泌干扰化合物（EDC）的降解情况。然而，水基质的自然变化以及环境中EDC的混合物可能会混淆对处理效率的分析。由于基于化学的分析方法无法代表环境相关浓度（微克/升 - 纳克/升）下水质参数和/或EDC混合物之间的联合或协同活性，因此采用生物分析方法评估处理后水中残留雌激素活性，以评价基于紫外线的高级氧化工艺对水中雌激素污染物的处理性能。在实验室或天然河水中，将包括雌二醇（E(2)）、乙炔雌二醇（EE(2)）、双酚A（BPA）和壬基酚（NP）在内的四种EDC单独或以微克/升 - 纳克/升的混合物形式加入。通过体外酵母雌激素筛选（YES）和利用日本青鳉鱼（Oryzias latipes）进行的体内卵黄蛋白原（VTG）测定，定量评估雌激素活性的去除率。紫外线与10 ppm过氧化氢（H(2)O(2)）联合作为氧化工艺能够降低体外和体内的雌激素活性，然而，在紫外线通量高达2000毫焦/平方厘米时，天然水中EDC混合物的体内雌激素活性并未完全去除。EDC混合物的体外雌激素活性去除率低于单一化合物的去除率，且在天然水中去除速度较慢，这可能是由于水基质和EDC混合物中的羟基自由基清除剂导致羟基自由基（*OH）的稳态浓度较低所致。
