Mavrodisz K, Rózsa N, Budai M, Soós A, Pap I, Tarján I
Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Eur J Orthod. 2007 Apr;29(2):166-9. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjl084. Epub 2007 Feb 22.
Dental morphological characteristics are useful for providing information for phylogenic and genetic studies and understanding variations within and among species. Carabelli and talon cusps are expressed in several degrees and different frequencies between humans, thus being useful in comparing and characterizing populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli tubercle and talon cusps in a contemporary Hungarian population compared with similar findings in the dentition of skulls dating from the 11th century, the so-called Arpád-era. The data were collected by examination of dental plaster casts of 600 children aged 7-18 years (304 males, 296 females) undergoing orthodontic treatment. The dentitions of 147 skulls, dating from the 11th century, from the ancient Halimba-Cseres cemetery stored at the Hungarian Natural History Museum were also examined. The incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli cusp was investigated for the upper first permanent molars and scored according to an eight-grade classification system. The talon cusps on the upper permanent lateral incisors were also examined. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of Carabelli cusps was 65.34 per cent in the contemporary and 34 per cent in the 11th century population (P < 0.01). The contemporary group showed a prevalence of talon cusps of 2.5 per cent compared with 40.8 per cent for the skills from the Arpád-era, which was significant (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that the contemporary Hungarian population is a mixture of European and Mongoloid races. The data are in agreement with linguistic evidence that shows that distant Hungarian ancestors belonged to the Finno-Ugrian family of people, whose habitats extended from the Baltic to the middle Urals.
牙齿形态特征有助于为系统发育和遗传学研究提供信息，并了解物种内部和物种之间的变异。卡氏尖和小牙尖在人类中的表达程度和频率各不相同，因此有助于对人群进行比较和特征描述。本研究的目的是调查当代匈牙利人群中卡氏结节和小牙尖的发生率和表达程度，并与11世纪所谓阿尔帕德时代颅骨牙列的类似发现进行比较。通过检查600名接受正畸治疗的7至18岁儿童（304名男性，296名女性）的牙模收集数据。还检查了匈牙利自然历史博物馆保存的147具11世纪古代哈利姆巴-切雷斯墓地出土颅骨的牙列。研究了上颌第一恒磨牙卡氏尖的发生率和表达程度，并根据八级分类系统进行评分。还检查了上颌恒侧切牙上的小牙尖。采用卡方检验进行统计分析。当代人群中卡氏尖的患病率为65.34%，11世纪人群中为34%（P < 0.01）。当代组小牙尖的患病率为2.5%，而阿尔帕德时代颅骨的患病率为40.8%，差异显著（P < 0.001）。这些发现表明，当代匈牙利人群是欧洲和蒙古人种的混合体。这些数据与语言学证据一致，语言学证据表明匈牙利遥远的祖先属于芬兰-乌戈尔民族，其栖息地从波罗的海延伸至乌拉尔山脉中部。
