Torres-Arreola Laura del Pilar, Constantino-Casas Patricia, Villa-Barragán Juan Pablo, Doubova Svetlana Vladislavovna
Health Services and Epidemiologic Research Unit, National Medical Center Century XXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico.
BMC Public Health. 2007 Feb 27;7:25. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-25.
To explore differences related to health and working conditions by comparing socio-demographic parameters, reproductive and prenatal care characteristics and working conditions among pregnant women who are employed outside the home (extra-domestic) while still performing a domestic workload versus those who perform exclusively domestic work in the home (intra-domestic).
A cross-sectional study was carried out at Family Medicine Unit N 31 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Mexico City between April and July 2003. Interviews were conducted with 537 pregnant women engaged in either extra-domestic work plus intra-domestic tasks, or those performing strictly intra-domestic work. Information was obtained regarding their demographic status, prenatal care, reproductive, work characteristics, and health during pregnancy.
One hundred ninety-six (36.5%) of the interviewed women had paid jobs outside the home in addition to domestic tasks, while three hundred forty-one (63.5 %) engaged in exclusively intra-domestic occupations. Of the women with paid jobs, 78.6% worked as clerks. Among domestic tasks, we found that the greatest workload was associated with washing of clothes, and our micro-ergonomic analysis revealed that women who worked strictly inside the home had a higher domestic workload versus employed women (69.2 vs. 44.9%). When we analyzed the effect of work on health during pregnancy, we observed that women who worked strictly inside the home were at a higher risk for musculoskeletal and genitourinary symptoms than those employed outside the home.
These findings suggest that the effect of intra-domestic work should not be ignored when considering women's health during pregnancy, and that greater attention should be paid to women's working conditions during intra and extra-domestic work.
通过比较外出工作（家庭外）同时仍承担家务劳动的孕妇与仅在家从事家务劳动（家庭内）的孕妇的社会人口学参数、生殖和产前护理特征以及工作条件，探讨与健康和工作条件相关的差异。
2003年4月至7月，在墨西哥城墨西哥社会保障局（IMSS）的第31家庭医学科进行了一项横断面研究。对537名从事家庭外工作加家庭内任务或仅从事家庭内工作的孕妇进行了访谈。收集了她们的人口统计学状况、产前护理、生殖、工作特征以及孕期健康方面的信息。
196名（36.5%）受访女性除家务外还有外出有偿工作，而341名（63.5%）仅从事家庭内工作。在有有偿工作的女性中，78.6%是职员。在家务任务方面，我们发现最大的工作量与洗衣服有关，我们的微观工效学分析显示，仅在家工作的女性家务工作量高于有工作的女性（69.2%对44.9%）。当我们分析工作对孕期健康的影响时，我们观察到仅在家工作的女性出现肌肉骨骼和泌尿生殖系统症状的风险高于外出工作的女性。
这些发现表明，在考虑孕期女性健康时，不应忽视家庭内工作的影响，应更加关注女性在家庭内和家庭外工作期间的工作条件。
