Yager James D, Chen Jin Q
Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;18(3):89-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2007.02.006. Epub 2007 Feb 26.
Estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta are present in mitochondria but little is known about their contribution to the overall constellation of cellular responses to 17beta-estradiol, which inhibits the early stages of apoptosis through membrane and mitochondrial, but not nuclear, ER signaling pathways. Whereas membrane ER signaling leading to inhibition of apoptosis involves the activation of protein kinase pathways, mitochondrial ER-mediated inhibition involves the direct and/or indirect activation of manganese superoxide dismutase by the mitochondrial ER.
雌激素受体（ER）α和ERβ存在于线粒体中，但对于它们在细胞对17β-雌二醇的整体反应中的作用却知之甚少。17β-雌二醇通过膜和线粒体而非核ER信号通路抑制细胞凋亡的早期阶段。导致凋亡抑制的膜ER信号传导涉及蛋白激酶途径的激活，而线粒体ER介导的抑制作用则涉及线粒体ER对锰超氧化物歧化酶的直接和/或间接激活。
