Williams W Robert, Richards Jonathan P, Ameen Jamal R M, Davies Julie
School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan, South Glamorgan, UK.
Med Sci Monit. 2007 Mar;13(3):CR118-24.
Recurrent brief depression (RBD) is a common disorder, poorly characterised in clinical studies. Some problems associated with the diagnosis and treatment of RBD may be improved if patients are easier to identify. This study investigates the distribution of RBD and personality types within three common syndromes.
MATERIAL/METHODS: A survey of adult patients in one general practice. Patients with anxiety, PMS or an allergy condition (n=1094) were screened for exclusion criteria, including depression. Of the study sample (n=384) 159 patients were interviewed. RBD patients were identified by DSM-IV criteria. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to categorise RBD (symptom scores of at least moderate severity) and RBD-res (milder symptoms) patients. Trait anxiety and personality dimensions were measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Eysencks' Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R).
In the syndrome groups, 40% of anxiety or PMS patients and 21% of allergy patients had a recurrent problem with brief depression, with half reporting symptoms of at least moderate severity. Patients with brief depression showed syndrome specific symptom and impairment differences for sleep, cognition, medication and suicide ideation. There were significant differences in the distribution of STAI, neuroticism (N) and extraversion (E) scores between patients in the RBD and no depression categories. In the anxiety group, high STAI or N scores, and low E scores identified all patients with RBD.
This study reveals a substantial burden of RBD in a practice population who were not receiving treatment nor consulting for depression. Trait scores were useful markers of RBD in patients with an anxiety condition.
复发性短暂抑郁（RBD）是一种常见疾病，在临床研究中其特征描述不足。如果患者更容易识别，那么与RBD诊断和治疗相关的一些问题可能会得到改善。本研究调查了三种常见综合征中RBD和人格类型的分布情况。
材料/方法：对一家普通诊所的成年患者进行调查。对患有焦虑症、经前综合征（PMS）或过敏症的患者（n = 1094）进行排除标准筛查，包括抑郁症。在研究样本（n = 384）中，对159名患者进行了访谈。根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准识别RBD患者。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表对RBD（症状评分至少为中度严重程度）和RBD-res（症状较轻）患者进行分类。用状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ-R）测量特质焦虑和人格维度。
在综合征组中，40%的焦虑症或PMS患者以及21%的过敏症患者存在复发性短暂抑郁问题，其中一半报告症状至少为中度严重程度。短暂抑郁患者在睡眠、认知、用药和自杀观念方面表现出综合征特异性的症状和损害差异。RBD组和无抑郁组患者在STAI、神经质（N）和外向性（E）得分的分布上存在显著差异。在焦虑症组中，高STAI或N得分以及低E得分可识别出所有RBD患者。
本研究揭示了在未接受抑郁症治疗或咨询的实际人群中RBD的沉重负担。特质得分是焦虑症患者中RBD的有用标志物。
