Osborne Michael P
Breast Service, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Lancet Oncol. 2007 Mar;8(3):256-65. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70076-1.
William Stewart Halsted was a pioneer of surgery in the USA and made many wide-ranging contributions, including the surgical treatment of breast cancer. He changed the training of surgeons from a disorganised apprenticeship to the residency training programmes used today. Halsted's research developed a better understanding of surgically amenable disease and a multitude of new techniques and operations. Over a 40-year career, beginning in New York and continuing at Johns Hopkins University Hospital in Baltimore, he endured a terrible struggle resulting from an accidental addiction, acquired in the course of his research. Despite this, his legacy to medicine and human health is one of the greatest left by any individual surgeon in history and remains an inspiration today.
威廉·斯图尔特·霍尔斯特德是美国外科手术的先驱，做出了诸多广泛的贡献，包括乳腺癌的外科治疗。他将外科医生的培训从杂乱无章的学徒制转变为如今使用的住院医师培训项目。霍尔斯特德的研究加深了人们对适合手术治疗疾病的理解，并催生了大量新技术和手术方法。在长达40年的职业生涯中，他从纽约起步，后在巴尔的摩的约翰·霍普金斯大学医院继续工作，期间因在研究过程中意外染上毒瘾而经历了一场可怕的挣扎。尽管如此，他留给医学和人类健康的遗产是历史上任何一位外科医生所留下的最伟大遗产之一，至今仍鼓舞着人们。
